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LAB Report ODL Basic Measurement EXPERIMENT 1

LAB Report ODL Basic Measurement EXPERIMENT 1 EXAMPLE MATERIAL easy way
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Foundation Study of Physics (PHY094)

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Class Group: S13 Lab

Group’s No: 01

CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDIES

FOUNDATION PHYSICS I LABORATORY REPORT

Experiment BASIC PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT AND UNCERTAINTY

Lab Instructor’s Name MADAM MASNITA BINTI MAT JUSOH

Date of Experiment 14 SEPTEMBER 2021

Member 1 MOHAMMAD AZHAR BIN AZUMAT

2021473846

Member 2 MUHAMMAD FARRIS IDHAM BIN MISAZRAIE 2021874444

Member 3 NUR HAFIZAH BINTI SAPELI 2021467194

Member 4 AINA BATRISYIA BINTI AZMI 2021203498

Marks

Comment

PRE-LAB QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions and submit your group’s answer to the instructor.

  1. Is it possible to get an exact measurement without any uncertainty?

➢ No, it is impossible to get an exact measurement without any uncertainty. Errors will always form in any measurement, so we won’t be able measure physical quantity with perfect certainty.

  1. What is the smallest scale on a common vernier caliper?

➢ 0.

  1. A student used a vernier caliper to measure the length of a small wooden block. Figure below shows

an enlargement of the caliper scales. What reading was recorded?

Main scale = 1 cm

Vernier scale = 0 cm Length of small wooden block = 1 cm + 0 cm

= 1 cm

INTRODUCTION

Length, mass, and time are some examples of basic physical quantities. These physical quantities are measured by using measuring tools such as meter ruler for length and timer for time. For this experiment, the measure tools that used is vernier caliper. The problem statement or task of this basic physical measurement is to measure length , width and height of a rectangular object. Our team decided to choose an eraser to be measured using the vernier caliper because the smallest scalar is 0 mm which is suitable for an eraser

Vernier caliper is a measuring tools that can measure length up to the nearest 0 millimeter. (Bachan Takhur,2017)

We will conduct this experiment with measuring the length , width and height of the eraser. Vernier caliper has two jaws. These jaws together are used to hold the object firmly while measuring its length which is not possible with a meter scale. The vernier caliper also have two scale which is main scale and vernier scale. When the vernier scale zero matches up with the main, it’s meant a reading for vernier scale. The main scale is read in the same way one would read a ruler and if the result comes out between two values use the lesser one. Vernier scale reading is the mark on the vernier scale that matches up with its main scale counterpart. The main scale and vernier scale readings should be added to get the final answer.

To get the right answer add the two readings being extremely sure of the units. (Saif, 2021)

For this experiment, an eraser was used as a material for vernier caliper measures. All of height, width and length taken 5 times for take an average reading. This to improve racial symism. Then a formula applied to search a standard deviation.

After that, to find a rectangular object volume, a formula Length x Width x Height=Volume applied. Last to search the uncertainty, an uncertainty formula applied.

This equation to make sure the exactly reading of rectangular object achieve. In statistical parlance, the term “uncertainty” is associated with a measurement where it refers to the expected variation of the value, which is derived from an average of several readings, from the true mean of the data set or readings. (Madhuri,2021)

THEORY

Every measurement has an element of uncertainty, which represents the measurement's level of confidence. The uncertainty for a single measurement is calculated using the measuring tool's smallest size. When using a vernier calliper, the smallest scale on the vernier scale is 0, resulting in a 0 uncertainty. The measurement might be written as (1±0) cm if the reading from the vernier calliper is 1.

MATERIAL APPARATUS: A “do-it-yourself” vernier caliper and a rectangular box.

METHODLOGY:

  1. The length, l of the rectangular box was measured using the vernier caliper.

  2. The main scale and the vernier scale were read. The measurement of these two scales were being multiply to get the measurement of the length, l.

  3. The result was recorded into the table.

  4. The experiment was repeated to get the measurement of width, w and height, h of the rectangular box.

  5. The whole experiment were repeated again 4 times to get 5 measurements of length, l , width, w and height, h of the rectangular box.

  6. The average reading, 𝑎, deviation, s, standard deviation,̅ 𝜎, volume and its uncertainty of the rectangular box were calculated by using the appropriate formulas.

DISCUSSION

We will be able to use a vernier calliper to measure the length, breadth, and height of the rectangular item after we have completed the experiment. Equation 1 can be used to get the height, length, and width:

Equation 1:

Measured quantity = Average quantity ± Standard deviation

Measured quantity, m Length, l 4 x10-3 ± 0. Width, w 1 x10-3 ± 0. Height, h 1 x10-2 ± 0.

We may deduce from the table that the object's length is 0 ± 0 cm, its width is 0 ± 0 cm, and its height is 1 ± 0 cm.

We can determine the volume of the object and its uncertainty once we have measured all of the aforementioned quantities. Using the equations 1 and 1, we can calculate:

Equation 1:

Volume, V=Length, l x Width, w x Height, h

Equation 1:

ΔV= ( Δ l + Δ w + Δ h )x(V)

l w h

Thus, volume of the rectangular object is:

V= (4 x10-3) x (1 x10-3) x (1 x10-2)

= 8 x10-8 m^

Uncertainty:

ΔV = 0 + 0 + 0 X (8 X10-8)

4 x10-3 1 x10-3 1 x10-

ΔV = 7 X10-7 m

Volume of the object:

= (8 x10-8) m^3 ± (7 X10-7) m

We can deduct from the preceding computation that the volume of the rectangular object, V, is 8 x10-8 m^3 and the volume uncertainty is 7 X10-7 m.

Every measurement has its own error, which varies depending on the situation. Zero error, random error, and parallax error are three types of errors.

To begin with, the maximum amount of error that might occur in this experiment is zero. When the 0 value on the main scale does not match the 0 value on the vernier scale, an error occurs. Everyone should do your own vernier calliper in this experiment because not all vernier callipers start with 0 and do not have zero error. Positive zero error and negative zero error are the two types of zero error. We can avoid this issue by ensuring that the main scale's 0 value corresponds to the vernier scale's 0 value. We can also subtract the value and subtract with the zero error as normal.

Second, there's a chance that an error will occur at random. Random mistake can be caused by a variety of factors. Random errors, for example, can occur owing to inaccuracy in the equipment used, variances in the individuals doing the experiment, or a different experimental approach. Random error contributes to a variable's inaccurate measurement. We might perform the experiment numerous times and determine the average result to overcome this inaccuracy.

The error is a parallax error, finally. When the measurement we take isn't the same as the exact length, we get a parallax error. This occurs because when we take the measurement, our eye is not parallel to the vernier calliper. We can avoid this error by aligning our eyes with the scale and taking the proper measurement. We can deduce that this issue was caused by a casual mistake on our part.

CONCLUSION

This experiment could consider success as we had get the measurement of length, width and height. We can conclude that vernier caliper is the most suitable tools to use to get the accurate measurement as it have 2 scale which is the main scale have one decimal places and the second scale in vernier scale have two decimal places. Other than that we can calculate the volume and uncertainty by measured the length, width and height. By using the formula length x width x height , we can get the volume of the rectangular object. To get the volume and the uncertainty we need to use this formula = ( uncertainty / length + uncertainty / width + uncertainty / height ) x volume. The volume of rectangular object with uncertainty is (8 x10-8) m^3 ± (7 X10-7) m.

REFERENCES

  1. How to Read a Metric Vernier Caliper google/search?q=how+to+use+vernier+caliper&oq=how+to+use+vern&aqs=ch rome.0.0i512j69i57j0i512l8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-

RESULT

MUHAMMAD FARRIS IDHAM

Measurement Reading, a Average reading, a

Deviation, s Standard deviation,

Length, l (m)

5-3 4- 3 5- 3 5- 3 5- 3

5- 3

0.

2x10- 4 1x10- 4 0. 2x10- 4

1- 4

Width, w (m)

Height, h (m)

MOHAMMAD AZHAR

Measurement Reading, a Average reading, a

Deviation, s Standard deviation,

AINA BATRISYIA

  • 3 1- 1-3 1-
  • 1-
  • 1- - 1- - 1x10- - 1x10- - 2x10- - 0. - 1x10- - 1-
  • 2 1- 1-2 1-
  • 1-
  • 1- - 1- - 2x10- - 0. - 0. - 2x10- - 2x10- - 1- - 0. Length, l (m) - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. - 0. Width, w (m) - 0. - 0. - 0.
      1.        - 0.
                      - 0.
                      - 0.
                      - 0.
                      - 0.
                   - 0.
                            - 0.
        1. Height, h (m)
      1.        - 0.
                   - 0.
                - 0.
                - 0.
                - 0.
             - 0.
                            - 0.
    • 4 x10-
      • 4 x10-
        • 1 x10-
    • 5 x10- 3 2 x10-
    • 4 x10- 3 3 x10-
    • 4 x10- 3 3 x10-
  • m) 1 x10- Width, w (± - 1 x10- - 0. - 8-
    • 1 x10- 3 1 x10-
    • 1 x10- 3 0.
    • 1 x10- 3 1 x10-
    • 1 x10- 3 1 x10-
  • m) 1 x10- Height, h (± - 1 x10- - 0. - 2-
    • 1 x10- 2 2 x10-
    • 1 x10- 2 1 x10-
    • 1 x10-2 4 x10-
    • 1 x10- 2 1 x10-
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LAB Report ODL Basic Measurement EXPERIMENT 1

Course: Foundation Study of Physics (PHY094)

580 Documents
Students shared 580 documents in this course

University: Universiti Teknologi MARA

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Class Group: S13 Lab
Group’s No: 01
CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDIES
FOUNDATION PHYSICS I
LABORATORY REPORT
Experiment
BASIC PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT AND
UNCERTAINTY
Lab Instructor’s Name
MADAM MASNITA BINTI MAT JUSOH
Date of Experiment
14 SEPTEMBER 2021
Member 1
MOHAMMAD AZHAR BIN AZUMAT
2021473846
Member 2
MUHAMMAD FARRIS IDHAM BIN
MISAZRAIE
2021874444
Member 3
NUR HAFIZAH BINTI SAPELI 2021467194
Member 4
AINA BATRISYIA BINTI AZMI
2021203498
Marks
Comment

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