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Intro TO PSY
Bs Psychology (PSYC 201A)
Ateneo de Manila University
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Cognition and intelligence
This refers to mental activities and processes associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, problem-solving, and communicating information.
Concepts group objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties. Concepts help us to simplify, summarize, and organize information. Concepts also aid the process of remembering, making it more efficient.
Problem solving involves finding an appropriate way to attain a goal.
Continue trying different solutions until the problem is solved
Strategies that guarantee a solution to a problem such as formulas, instructions
Strategies or rules of thumb that can suggest a solution to a problem but don’t ensure it will work.
It is capacity to adapt and learn from experience Is the ability to solve Includes characteristics such as creativity and interpersonal skills Robert Sternberg (2009, 2010a,b) proposes that practical know-how should be considered part of intelligence. A child is considered as gifted is that child scores 130 or higher on intelligence test.
the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
the ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine
the ability to use, apply, implement, and put into practice
Forming of Concepts
Problem - Solving
Problem Solving Strategies Trial and Error
Algorithm
Heuristics
Intelligence
THEORIES OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Practical intelligence
Verbal skills The ability to think in words and to use language to express meaning (authors, journalists, speakers)
The ability to carry out mathematical operations (scientists, engineers, accountants)
The ability to think three-dimensional (architects, artists, sailors)
The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept (surgeons, crafts people, dancers, athletes)
The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept (surgeons, crafts people, dancers, athletes)
The ability to understand oneself and effectively direct one’s life (theologians, psychologists)
The ability to understand and effectively interact with others (successful teachers, salesmen, call center agents)
The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems (farmers, botanists, ecologists, landscapers
Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences 1.
2 skills
Spatial skills
Bodily-Kinesthetic skills
5 skills
6 skills
- Interpersonal skills
8 skills
A good head and good heart are always a formidable combination.
Cognition
Motivation
It energizes, or causes people to act; It directs behavior toward the attainment of specific goals; and It sustains the effort expended in reaching those goals.
The extent to which a person views himself as valuable and worthy.
Negative expectations of an individual cause a decrease in that individual’s actual performance
Levels of motivation are related to the five dimensions of personality
driven by a desire to receive external rewards
Motivation is a force that serves three functions:
Factors affecting Motivation SELF-ESTEEM
GOLEM EFFECT
PERSONALITY
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
An incentive to engage in a specific activity that derives from pleasure in the activity itself.
Motivated by tasks that are challenging and over which they have some control
Motivated by a desire to influence others rather than simply to be successful
Motivated by tasks in which they can work with and help other people
This draws on principles of operant conditioning and states simply that behavior is motivated by its consequences.
are consequences that increase the probability that a behavior will occur.
is a consequence that decreases the probability a behavior will occur.
Giving rewarding stimulus, events that are desirable to the person like receiving praise, additional allowance, or a pat on the back
Done by removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Theories of Motivation
Achievement Motivation Theory by David McClelland
McClelland emphasized three needs that are central to work motivation: NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT
NEED FOR POWER
NEED FOR AFFILIATION
BEHAVIOR-BASED THEORY OF MOTIVATION
Reinforcement Theory
Reinforcers (rewards)
Punishment
TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
• POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
This emphasizes that goals indicate and give direction to a person about what needs to be done and how much efforts are required to be put in. Goals should be specific, clear and measurable. Goals should also be realistic and challenging. Better and appropriate feedback of results is also necessary.
GOAL-SETTING THEORY OF MOTIVATION
By Edwin Locke
Intro TO PSY
Course: Bs Psychology (PSYC 201A)
University: Ateneo de Manila University
