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(2)Contribution of Technology to Science
Science, Technology and Society (GEC103)
Cagayan State University
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Contribution of Technology to Science
Consider the following points to understand the contribution of Technology to Science − Technology as a source of scientific challenges - The development in the field of technology paves way for research and development in the field of Science. For example, space science is one of them. Technological development likewise indirectly stimulates basic research in the field of science. Instrumentation and measurement techniques - Development of advanced instruments facilitated scientists to measure the distance between sun and earth, the intensity of sun’s rays, the revolution of celestial bodies, internal problems of human beings, life of a bridge, etc. B. Historical Antecedents in the World and in the Philippines
Introduction In the ancient times, people were living with how things were naturally made and placed into. As time passes by, population increases, as well as the people’s needs. In the quest of survival, human-being tend to think of ways how to make the resources easily available in times he needs it. One of these needs is the water. For a civilization to survive and function well, the presence of water is highly needed. And so, they came up with a canal directing water to flow towards their place. It is a proof that humans have lots of things able to do from an observation and a problem, into the discoveries and application of new innovations. Along with these improvements, people and society also change, and later changed the course of science and technology.
Here is an overview of the historical antecedents from ancient, middle and modern ages in which social considerations changed the course of Science and Technology:
Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages a. The advent of science (600 BC to 1400 AD) Mesopotamia. Historical records of science started with various fields in Ancient Sumer. Mesopotamians recorded various observation of the world in clay tablets using numerical data and ancient mathematics flourished. Also, astronomy came into being when high priests drawn various constellation of stars and planets in tablets. Ancient Greece. In ancient Greece there was no clear demarcation between science and philosophy; however, historical records show that the discoveries of Greek philosophers follow sciences perspectives. Noteworthy Greek philosophers are thales of Miletus who, with the data from Babylonians, predicted the occurrence of solar eclipse; archimedes’ observation of characteristics of fluids; erasthotenes’ measurements of Earth’s features, and; ctesibious’ precise clocks. Ancient Asian civilization. In this part of the world had also their scientific innovations of their own. Ancient Chinese civilization is credited for the invention of firecrackers and gun powders while Indian civilization paved way for the development of the Arabic numerical system that is used up to this day! In the Golden age of Islam. The House of Wisdom built a certain caliph had a significant contribution for the development of science in the Islamic world. Its books aided Arabian scholars in translating Greek and Indians into their native language, which further helped in the advancement of science and technology in their civilization. For instances Arabians were able to utilize astronomy in order to navigate in deserts. Aside from this, great scientist
emerged in this part of the globe: alzhen and his book on optics; al-razi invention of soap and distinction between small pox and measles; introduction of algebra and algorithms by al- khwarizmi; rod systems by al-jazari. Moreover, the arabians are credited for the process of distillation and formulation of words like alcohol and alkali
b. The great scientific revolution of 1400 to 1700 AD The dangers to the Times. Bold postulates of scientist were so drastic that it went against the conventional beliefs of their society. Examples of such were the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus. His theory was in total opposite with that of Roman Catholic Church’s geocentric belief. When Galileo defended the position of Copernicus, the Church charged him with heresy that led to his death. From these postulates rose the development of cosmology. Age of micro-beings. During the 15 th century the development of science focused on microscopy. This led various discoveries like Robert Hook’s minute morphology of insects; anton van leeuwenhoek findings on cells and bacteria, and; Swammerdam’s discrimination of insect’s different stages of development. Dawn of mathematical analysis. The most notable discovery of this era was the formulation of laws of motion and gravity by Newton. This brought to the advancement of the field of physics. In fact, his contribution is still being used today.
c. The expansion of scientific horizons (1700 to 1800) The following are the significant innovation/discoveries during this era: Stephen Hales’ collection of gases using through. This is the basis of instruments today for discriminating air components. Daniel Bernoulli’s principle Joseph black’s paper on the degeneration of calcium carbonate and collection of carbon dioxide. Further discoveries in the chemical composition of substances. Fraklin’s demonstration no how big ocean currents flow at the bottom of the ocean. Hutton’s on the earth’s real age. Hadley’s explanation as to how winds move relative to the rotation of the globe. Maskelyne’s discovery of the Earth’s density
d. A hundred years of development (1800-1900) Invisibility matters. Herschel and Rontgen discovered other parts of the spectrum aside from the visible spectrum through the accidental discovery of infrared and x-ray, respectively. In this age also that Fizeau and Foucault were able to conclude that light travels faster in air than water. Chemical reaction. There was also a substantial advancement in the field of chemistry—from listing of the different atomic weights until the solving of the periodic table of elements. Relics from the past. During this time also that the theory of evolution was pioneered by Wallas and Darwin and the discovery of Mendel about the involvement of genes in inheritance of traits (theory of natural selection).
e. The dawn of a new era (1900 to 1945) A new look physics. It was in the 1900s were in some equations and laws of classical physics were disproven because of recent discoveries of great physicists like Plank’s light’s travel in packets, not in continuous waves, and Einstein’s special theory of relativity. In Einstein’s work, he found out that light travels in a constant speed and is not relative to the observer.
(2)Contribution of Technology to Science
Course: Science, Technology and Society (GEC103)
University: Cagayan State University
