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Hildegard Peplau
Course: Theoretical Foundation of Nursing (CN248)
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University: Capitol University
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Hildegard Peplau
Theory of Interpersonal Relations
National Mental Health Act of 1946
Advocated nursing practice through research
Advocated for policy change and involves policy
making groups
Emphasized nurse-patient relationship
Contributions to Nursing
"MOTHER OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING"
( September 1, 1909 - March 17, 1999)
Born in Reading, Pennyslvania
1931 - Pottstown Hospital School of Nursing
1943 - Bachelors in Interpersonal in Psychology
1947 - M.A. in Psychiatric Nursing
1950 - 1970 - Clinical Specialist in Psychiatric
Nursing
Career: psychiatric nurse expert, educator, author,
and nursing leader and theorist
Interpersonal Relations Theory
The Interpersonal Relations Theory emphasized the
nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing
practice.
Major Concepts
The purpose of nursing is to help others identify
their felt difficulties.
Nurses should apply principles of human relations
to the problems
Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art
Nursing is an interpersonal process because it
involves interaction between two or more
individuals with a common goal.
The attainment of goal is achieved through the use
of a series of steps following a series of pattern.
The nurse and patient work together so both
become mature and knowledgeable in the process.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Four components of the theory are;
Person: A developing organism that tries to reduce
anxiety caused by needs
Environment: A Existing forces outside the organism
and in the context of culture
Health: A word symbol that implies forward
movement of personality and other ongoing human
processes in the direction of creative, constructive,
productive, personal and community living.
Nursing: A significant therapeutic interpersonal
process. It functions cooperatively with other human
process that make health possible for individuals in
communities.
6 Nursing Roles
Peplau`s model has proved greatly used by
later nurse theorist and clinicians in
developing more sophisticated and
therapeutic nursing interventions.
Strange: Offering the client the same
acceptance and courtesy that the nurse
would respond to any strangers
Resource: Providing specific answers to
questions
Teachers: The nurse impart knowledge it
could be instructional or experimental
Counselor: The nurse help the client
understand the circumstance and provide
guidance and encouragement.
Surrogate: Serving as a substitute for another
such as a parent or a sibling
Leader: The nurse helps the client assume
maximum responsibility.
4 Phases of
Interpersonal Relations Theory
Orientation Phase: This phase defines the problem
and begins when the nurse meets the patient as
strangers, this is the phase where the patient seeks
assistance, ask questions, tells the nurse what he
or she needs, and defines the problem where the
nurse can then provide to the patient the
necessary response and help to the patient.
Identification Phase: The Identification Phase
includes the appropriate assistance by a
professional. In this phase, the patient feels that he
or she belongs and feel independent and capable
of dealing with his or her problem.
Exploitation Phase: In this phase, the patient is an
integral part of the helping environment, makes full
use of the services provided, and may use minor
attention-getting techniques although this may
fluctuate depending on the patient’s
independence; the nurse in turn assists the patient
in making use of all avenues of help, and progress
is made towards the final step.
Resolution Phase: In the Resolution phase, the
patient no longer needs professional services as
the patient’s needs have already been met by the
collaborative effect of patient and nurse and gives
up the dependent behavior. This phase also marks
the end of the professional nurse-patient
relationship.