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TFN PART 2 - About tfn
About tfn
Course
Theoretical Foundation of Nursing (CN248)
40 Documents
Students shared 40 documents in this course
University
Capitol University
Academic year: 2023/2024
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Name: Flores, Althea Bianca, R.
Dr. Patricia Benner
Contribution to Nursing Theory: From Novice to Expert Concept
Dr. Patricia Benner is a nursing theorist who first developed a model for the stages of
clinical competence in her classic book “From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in
Clinical Nursing Practice”. Her model is one of the most useful frameworks for assessing
nurses’ needs at different stages of professional growth. She is the Chief Faculty
Development Officer for Educating Nurses, the Director of the Carnegie Foundation for the
Advancement of Teaching National Nursing Education and honorary fellow of the Royal
College of Nursing.
This nursing theory proposes that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient
care over time through a proper educational background as well as a multitude of
experiences. Dr. Benner’s theory is not focused on how to be a nurse, rather on how nurses
acquire nursing knowledge – one could gain knowledge and skills (“knowing how”), without
ever learning the theory (“knowing that”). She used the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition as
a foundation for her work. The Dreyfus model, described by brothers Stuart and Hubert
Dreyfus, is a model based on observations of chess players, Air Force pilots, army
commanders and tank drivers. The Dreyfus brothers believed learning was experiential
(learning through experience) as well as situation-based, and that a student had to pass
through five very distinct stages in learning, from novice to expert.
The theory identifies five levels of nursing experience: novice, advanced beginner,
competent, proficient, and expert.
1. A novice is a beginner with no experience. They are taught general rules to help
perform tasks, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible. In other
words, they are told what to do and simply follow instruction.
2. The advanced beginner shows acceptable performance, and has gained prior
experience in actual nursing situations. This helps the nurse recognize recurring
meaningful components so that principles, based on those experiences, begin to
formulate in order to guide actions.
3. A competent nurse generally has two or three years’ experience on the job in the
same field. For example, two or three years in intensive care. The experience
may also be similar day-to-day situations. These nurses are more aware of long-
term goals, and they gain perspective from planning their own actions, which
helps them achieve greater efficiency and organization.
4. A proficient nurse perceives and understands situations as whole parts. He or
she has a more holistic understanding of nursing, which improves decision-
making. These nurses learn from experiences what to expect in certain situations,
as well as how to modify plans as needed.
Was this document helpful?
TFN PART 2 - About tfn
Course: Theoretical Foundation of Nursing (CN248)
40 Documents
Students shared 40 documents in this course
University: Capitol University
Was this document helpful?
Name: Flores, Althea Bianca, R.
Dr. Patricia Benner
Contribution to Nursing Theory: From Novice to Expert Concept
Dr. Patricia Benner is a nursing theorist who first developed a model for the stages of
clinical competence in her classic book “From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in
Clinical Nursing Practice”. Her model is one of the most useful frameworks for assessing
nurses’ needs at different stages of professional growth. She is the Chief Faculty
Development Officer for Educating Nurses, the Director of the Carnegie Foundation for the
Advancement of Teaching National Nursing Education and honorary fellow of the Royal
College of Nursing.
This nursing theory proposes that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient
care over time through a proper educational background as well as a multitude of
experiences. Dr. Benner’s theory is not focused on how to be a nurse, rather on how nurses
acquire nursing knowledge – one could gain knowledge and skills (“knowing how”), without
ever learning the theory (“knowing that”). She used the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition as
a foundation for her work. The Dreyfus model, described by brothers Stuart and Hubert
Dreyfus, is a model based on observations of chess players, Air Force pilots, army
commanders and tank drivers. The Dreyfus brothers believed learning was experiential
(learning through experience) as well as situation-based, and that a student had to pass
through five very distinct stages in learning, from novice to expert.
The theory identifies five levels of nursing experience: novice, advanced beginner,
competent, proficient, and expert.
1. A novice is a beginner with no experience. They are taught general rules to help
perform tasks, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible. In other
words, they are told what to do and simply follow instruction.
2. The advanced beginner shows acceptable performance, and has gained prior
experience in actual nursing situations. This helps the nurse recognize recurring
meaningful components so that principles, based on those experiences, begin to
formulate in order to guide actions.
3. A competent nurse generally has two or three years’ experience on the job in the
same field. For example, two or three years in intensive care. The experience
may also be similar day-to-day situations. These nurses are more aware of long-
term goals, and they gain perspective from planning their own actions, which
helps them achieve greater efficiency and organization.
4. A proficient nurse perceives and understands situations as whole parts. He or
she has a more holistic understanding of nursing, which improves decision-
making. These nurses learn from experiences what to expect in certain situations,
as well as how to modify plans as needed.
