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Toaz - This is for SHS Literature subject
BS Secondary Education (DRRR 01)
Cotabato State University
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21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World REVIEWER What is LITERATURE? LITERATURE (origin of term litera which means letter) deals with ideas, thoughts, and emotions of man thus it can be said the literature is the story of man. (Kahayon, 1998, LITERATURE comes from the French phrase which means beautiful writings. (Baritugo, et al. 1993, p) In its broadest sense, LITERATURE is everything that has ever been written. Through LITERATURE, we learn the innermost feelings and thoughts of people. Why do people read LITERATURE? Information Amusement Higher and keener pleasure Cultural upliftment Discovery of broader dimensions in life DIVISIONS OF LITERATURE: PROSE and POETRY FORM LANGUAGE APPEAL AIM PROSE Written in paragraph form Expressed in ordinary language POETRY Written in stanza or verse form Expressed in metrical, rhythmical, and figurative language To the intellect To the emotion To convince, inform, instruct,imitate and reflect Stir the imagination and set an ideal of how life should be humans that are legendary and supernatural tales. C. Folklore songs, stories, myths and proverbs of a person of that was handed down word of mouth. D. Science Fiction is a story based on impact of potential science, either actual or imagined. E. Mythology a type of legend or traditional narrative. This often based in part of historical events that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena its other pertaining to the actions of gods 2: involve real things, people, events, places and writing. focuses on ideas or events that actually took place. Examples: A. Essays a short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytic, speculative or interpretative. B. Biography is a written account of another life. C. Autobiography gives the history of a life. D. Speech the faculty or power of oral communication, ability to express thoughts and emotions. II. POETRY: is expression that is written in verse, often with some form of regular rhythm. The basis of poetic expression is a heightened sense of perception or consciousness. SUBTYPES OF POETRY a. Lyrical Poetry: a verse or poem that is susceptible of being sung to the accompaniment of a musical instrument. b. Narrative Poetry: a form of poetry that tells a story, often making the voices of a narrator and characters as the entire story is usually written in metered verse c. Dramatic Poetry: any drama that is written in verse that is meant to be recited. GENRES OF LITERATURE I: is expression (whether written or spoken) that does not have a regular rhythmic pattern. Prose does have rhythm but its rhythm lacks any sustained regularity and is not meant to be scanned. Literature can ALSO be classified into five categories or genres: 1. Prose Fiction imaginary stories 2. Poetry is an expression that is written in verse, often with some form of regular rhythm. 3. is designed to be acted out on a stage performed actors in front of the audience. The two broad categories of drama are Comedy and Tragedy. 4. Nonfiction Prose any kind of prose writing that is based on facts. 5. Creative uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives SUBTYPES OF PROSE What is PHILIPPINE LITERATURE? 1: are made up stories, imaginary things, people, events and writing. Fiction tends to be focusing on imaginary ideas and events. literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines, written in both indigenous, and Hispanic Examples: A. Fairy Tales stories are about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children. B. Fable a story about supernatural or extraordinary people. Animals often speak as TIMELINES IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Times The longest period in Philippine Literatures. Folk Speeches, Folk Songs, Folk Narratives, Indigenous Rituals, Mimetic Dances FOLK SPEECHES: 1. RIDDLES: central to the riddle is the metaphor or talinghaga some riddles are ingenious while others are related 2. express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or they install values offering wisdom in short, rhyming verse. The American Colonial Tradition Ex. TANAGA 3. FOLK SONGS: express the hopes and aspirations, the lifestyle as well as their loves. often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naïve. Ex. lullaes, love songs, harana, tulang pambata 4. FOLK NARRATIVES: They explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characters, 1. EPICS and FOLKTALES are varied, exotic and magical. 2. LEGENDS are explanation of the origins of things 3. FABLES are about animals and these teach moral lessons Our EPICS are considered as because they are not national but they are histories of varied groups These epics revolve about supernatural events and heroic deeds. Examples: (Ilocano), Hudhud (Ifugao), Kudaman (Palawan) PATERNO is cultural and is considered the first FILIPINO novel. Other famous writers: Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto, Andres Bonifacio, (Propaganda Movement), Claro M. Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Vicente Sotto, Rafael Palma (essayists) ENGLISH as the medium of instruction in all schools with literary modernism JOSE GARCIA VILLA and ANGELA MANALANG GLORIA used free verse in poetry RICARDO ABADILLA advocated modernism in poetry ABADILLA influenced young poets Virgilio Almario, Pedro Ricarte and Rolando Tinio who wrote modern verses Some leading essayists were journalists like, CARLOS P. ROMULO, JORGE BOCOBO and PURA SANTILLAN CASTRENCE who wrote formal to humorous essays The CONTEMPORARY Period A period when a Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art Young people have become activists Various Literary Awards such as the DON CARLOS PALANCA MEMORIAL AWARDS for LITERATURE, THE PHILIPPINE FREE Literature can be combined with Technology The Spanish Colonial Tradition What is World Literature? Literature may be classified as RELIGIOUS prose and poetry, SECULAR prose and poetry Secular works appeared alongside historical and economic changes Religious Lyrics: versed in both Spanish and Tagalog language another form is meditative verses like the DALIT appended to novenas and catechisms Religious Poetry: PASYON, commemoration of agony and resurrection at Cavalry. Leading poets are JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS (Huseng Sisiw) and FRANCISCO BALAGTAS (Francisco Baltazar) Popular Secular Poetry is METRICAL ROMANCE: AWIT and KORIDO, colorful tales of chivalry from European sources made for singing and chanting IBONG ADARNA, korido FLORANTE AT LAURA, awit Nationalistic Period Formation of PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT While novels Noli and Fili are political, the novel NINAY (1885) PEDRO Sum total of the national literatures Circulation of works into the wider world beyond their country of origin st What is 21 Century Literature in the world? World literature in prose produced during the st 21 century Literary works from 2001 to present st It is 21 Century the written word is more accessible and democratic than ever before When Book sales, as well as magazines, and newspaper subscriptions have DIMINISHED TWITTER has its own literary form, offering the use of HASH TAGS to help convey a message within 240 characters Received the scholarship at the Academy of Music in Manila that made it possible for him to join the Manila Symphony Orchestra He made it to the Guinness Book of World Records as the only person able to make music using just a leaf Enriched the Philippine music for no less than two generations with a treasury of more than songs 8. Rolando S. Tinio (1997) March 5, 1937 July 7, 1997 Playwright, thespian, poet, teacher, critic and translator, stage director Revived traditional Filipino drama restaging old theater forms like the SARSWELA LITERARY WORKS: POETRY: Sitsit Sa Kuliglig, Dunung Dunungan, Kristal na Uniberso, A Trick of Mirrors FILM SCRIPTS: Now and Forever, Gamitin Mo Ako, Ang Kiri, Ana Maria Known for his novels and short stories in English Regarded as the most distinguished Filipino writer in English writing As a journalist he used nome de guerre Quijano de Manila Among his works: The Woman Who Had Two Navels, A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino, Manila, My Manila 12. Jose Garcia Villa (1973) DOVEGLION Aug. 5, 1908 Feb, 1997 One of the finest contemporary poets regardless of race or language Introduced the extensive use of punctuation marks in poetry especially commas, Used free verse in poetry Villa was also known for his tartness of his tongue Some of his Works: Footnote to Youth, Many Voices, Poems Doveglion, The Best Love Poems Jose Garcia Villa 13. Amado Vera Hernandez (1973) 9. Francisco Arcellana (1990) Sept. 6, 1916 Aug, 2002 Writer, poet, critic, journalist, teacher One of the most important contributors of the modern Filipino short story in English pioneered the development of the short story as a poetic form Some of his short stories: Frankie, The Man Who Would Be Poe, Death in a Factory, A Clown Remembers, Divided Two 10. Carlos Peña Romulo (1982) January 14, 1899 Dec. 15, 1985 Educator, soldier, university president, journalist and diplomat Was a reporter at 16, newspaper editor at 20, publisher at 32 Was the only Asian who won PULITZER PRIZE in Journalism Was the first Asian president of the United Nations General Assembly most trusted spokesman 11. Nicomedes Marquez Joaquin (1976) Nick Joaquin May 4, 1917 April 29, 2004 playwright, journalist, essayist, poet, Amado V. Ernani Sept. 13, 1903 May 24, 1970 poet, playwright, novelist, A labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices in the Philippines Imprisoned for his involvement in the communist movement While still a teenager, he began writing in Tagalog for the newspaper WATAWAT, and an editor of MABUHAY Among the Filipino Artists who practiced committed Arts Some of his famous works: Mga Ibong Mandaragit, Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang Langit, Luha ng Buwaya OF POETRY KEY ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY 1. Characters A character is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary work. 2. Settings The setting of a short story is the time and place in which it happens. Authors often use descriptions of landscapes, scenery, buildings, seasons or weather to provide a strong sense of setting. 3. Plot A plot is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict. 4. Theme The theme is the central idea or belief in a short story. 5. Conflict The conflict is a struggle between two people or things in a short story. The main character is usually on one side of the central conflict. On the other side, the main character may struggle against another important character, against the forces of nature, against society, or even against something inside himself or herself (feelings, emotions, illness).
Toaz - This is for SHS Literature subject
Course: BS Secondary Education (DRRR 01)
University: Cotabato State University
