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I and O notes - I and O note as a nursing student study guide.
nursing (NCM116)
De La Salle Lipa
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NCM-
Care of Clients with Problems in Oxygen, Fluid, Electrolytes, Infectious, Inflammatory,
Immuno (RLE)
(Intake and Output) | SEM 1 2022
INTAKE AND OUTPUT
● Measurement and recording of all fluid intake and output during the 24 hour period ● Provides important data about client’s fluid and electrolyte balance ● Unit of measurement of I & O : mL (milliliters) ● Gauge fluid balance and give valuable information about patient’s condition ● To measure fluid intake, nurses converts household measures such as glass, cup, or soup bowl to metric units
WATER
● Comprises 55% - 65% of an average adult’s body weight ● Newborn: 95% ● Infants: 70 - 80% ● Older than 60 years: 50% ● A loss of body water, whether acute, chronic, can cause a range of problems from mild lightheadedness to convulsions, coma, and in some cases, death.
FLUID THERAPY
● Can be a life saver, but giving wrong fluid can be deadly ● Purposes are: - Ensure accurate record keeping - Prevent circulatory overload - Prevent dehydration - Aids in analyzing trends in fluid status - Contributes accurate assessment records
2 MAJOR BODY COMPARTMENTS DISTRIBUTION
● Inside (Intracellular Fluids) ● Constitutes ⅔ of body fluids in adults
● Outside (Extracellular Fluids) ● Constitutes the remaining ⅓ of body fluids in
adults ● Has 3 divisions: ○ Vascular (Plasma 20%) ○ Interstitial Spaces (surrounds cell 75%) ○ Lymph and Transcellular Fluid (CSF, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, etc)
FLUID BALANCE
- Fluid intake = Fluid Output
- Intake: what you take in
- Output: what you excrete
- Ways to lose fluid in the body:
- Vomiting
- Drainage
- Defecation
- Urination
- Perspiration
Signs and Symptoms of Fluid Overload
NURSING MEASURES
ORAL
- Ice chips and water
INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS - IV, TPN, Blood Transfusion
FEEDING TUBES
HOW TO MEASURE OUTPUT:
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FLUID EXCESS
- Kidney disease
- Liver disease
- Certain medications: steroids, or sodium-based medications
- Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body
- Over infusion of IV fluids
- Pregnancy
SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASURING I & O
● Inform ● Emphasize ● Required ● Explain
PROCEDURE
Read patient’s chart
Explain procedure to the client
Assess patient’s health status
Note the IV level and compute for the iVF infused
Note OFI and total
Wear gloves
Check out put (urine, discharges, vomitus, etc)
Note for the color, amount, frequency, and other pertinent observations, during voiding and elimination
Do hand hygiene.
Record gathered data, compute total intake and output for the whole shift
Report pertinent findings.
DO’s DON’Ts
I and O notes - I and O note as a nursing student study guide.
Course: nursing (NCM116)
University: De La Salle Lipa
