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CG Enriched Science (Special Science Class)
Practical Research
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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue
Pasig City
Curriculum Guide
FOR
ENRICHED SCIENCE
Enhanced Subjects Course Description
Enhanced Science
The enhanced science curriculum for Science , Technology and Mathematics (STEM) provides opportunities for learners to gain scientific, mathematical and technological literacy for them to be equipped with the twenty first century skills aside from helping them prepare for their optimal educational path in the sciences. Instructional methods will emphasize development of critical thinking and reasoning skills in addition to recognizing relationships among phenomena and understanding science processes to master content areas in biology, chemistry, physics and earth science. Enriching the core contents in these sciences and emphasizing investigative experiences while utilizing mathematical, analytical data acquisition and communication skills reinforce the concepts. The course exposes learners to engage in activities rich in context for six (6) hours per week.
particles, and electrical energy travels through moving charges.
Learners will explore and locate places using a coordinate system. They will discover that our country’s location near the equator and along the Ring of Fire influences elements of up Philippine environment (e., natural resources and climate). They will describe ways of utilizing earth’s resources and its impact on the environment. They will think of ways on how to lessen pollution including planning of environmental activity or project.
Learners will explain the occurrence of atmospheric phenomena(breezes, monsoons, and ITCZ) that are commonly experienced in the country as a result of the Philippines’ location with respect to the equator, and surrounding bodies of water and land masses.
Learners will explain the occurrence of the seasons and eclipses as a result of the motions of the Earth and the Moon. Using models, learners will explain that because the earth revolves around the Sun, the seasons change, and because the Moon revolves around the earth, eclipses sometimes occur.
At the end of Grade 8, learners can describe the factors that affect the motion of an object based on the Laws of Motion. They can differentiate the concept of work
as used in science and in layman’s language. They know the factors that affect the transfer of energy, such as temperature difference, and the type (solid, liquid, or gas) of the medium.
Learners can explain how active faults generate earthquakes and how tropical cyclones originate from warm ocean waters. They recognize other members of the
solar system. Learners can explain the behaviour of matter in terms of the particles it is made of. They recognize that ingredients in food and medical products are made up of
these particles and are absorbed by the body in the form of ions. Learners recognize reproduction as a process of cell division resulting in growth of organisms. They have delved deeper into the process of digestion as studied in
the lower grades, giving emphasis on proper nutrition for overall wellness. They can participate in activities that protect and conserve economically important species used for food.
In Grade 9 Biology, learners study the coordinated functions of the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems, and learn that nutrients enter the bloodstream and combine with oxygen taken in through the respiratory system. Together, they are transported to the cells where oxygen is used to release the stored energy. Learners study the structure of genes and chromosomes, and the functions they perform in the transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Additional topics are given to learners to give them a deeper understanding of foundations and application of biotechnology. They will manifest understanding of biotechnology by making informed decision to promote good health, improve livelihood, and making intelligent and moral choices. Learners cite some application of DNA technology and discuss some social and ethical issues associated with biotechnology. Learners learn that most species that have once existed are now extinct. Species become extinct when they fail to adapt to changes in the environment. They also learn how plants capture energy from the Sun and store energy in sugar molecules (photosynthesis). This stored energy is used by cells during cellular respiration. These two processes are related to each other.
In Grade 9 Chemistry, using their understanding of atomic structure learned in Grade 8, learners describe how atoms can form units called molecules. They also learn about ions. Further, they explain how atoms form bonds (ionic and covalent) with other atoms by the transfer or sharing of electrons. They also learn that the forces holding metals together are caused by the attraction between flowing electrons and the positively charged metal ions. Learners explain how covalent bonding in carbon forms a wide variety of carbon compounds. Recognizing that matter consists of an extremely large number of very small particles, counting these particles is not practical. So, learners are introduced to the unit—mole. Learners also explain how new compounds are formed in terms of the rearrangement of particles. They also recognize that a wide variety of useful compounds may arise from such rearrangements. In addition, learners learn how to name common inorganic ionic and covalent compounds. They also learn that carbon atoms have the abilities to combine with one another, can form various types of bonds like single bond, double bond, and triple bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements. Also, they learn that these special abilities of carbon atoms are the reason why they can form many kinds of useful organic compounds. Learners are also able to investigate properties and uses of common organic compounds.
In Grade 9 Physics, learners use the Law of Conservation of Momentum to further deepen their understanding about motion of objects. From motion in one dimension in the previous grades, they learn at this level about motion in two dimensions using projectile motion as an example. Learners explain how conservation
of mechanical energy is applied in some structures, such as roller coasters, and in natural environments like waterfalls. They further describe the transformation of
energy that takes place in hydroelectric power plants. Learners also learn about the relationship between heat and work, and apply this concept to explain how geothermal power plants operate. After they have learned how electricity is generated in power plants, learners further develop their understanding of transmission
of electricity from power stations to homes. As enrichment, concepts on transformers are included in the teaching of power generation, transmission, and distribution. The learners will differentiate step-up from step-down transformers. The activities involve calculations to develop the problem solving and
other engineering skills of the learners. To further enrich the content, different electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and semiconductors are discussed. Learners also explain how each electronic component works.
In Grade 9 Earth and Space Science, using models or simulations, learners explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. They describe the different types of volcanoes and differentiate active volcanoes from inactive ones. They analyze and explain warning signs prior to volcanic eruptions. They also describe
different hazards when volcanoes erupt. Learners also explain how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use. Learners distinguish between weather and climate. They explain how different factors affect the climate of an area. They learn different climatic phenomena that occur over a wide area (e., El Niño and
global warming). They also cite practical ways to reduce risks and lessen the impact of climate change. Learners will now leave the Solar System and learn
about the stars beyond. They infer the characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the Sun. Using models, learners show that constellations move in the course of a night because of Earth’s rotation, while different constellations are observed in the course of a year because of the Earth’s revolution. In addition,
learners describe what makes up galaxies and identify its different types. After describing the types of galaxies, learners will discuss its motion and infer that the Universe is expanding.
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF MATTER
In Grade 6, learners learned how to distinguish homogenous from heterogeneous mixtures. In Grade 7, learners investigate properties of solutions that are homogeneous mixtures. They learn how to express concentrations of solutions qualitatively and quantitatively. They distinguish mixtures from substances based on a set of properties.
Learners begin to do guided and semi-guided investigations, making sure that the experiment they are conducting is a fair test.
Using models, learners learn that matter is made up of particles, the smallest of which is the atom. These particles are too small to be seen through a microscope. The properties of materials that they have observed in earlier grades can now be explained by the type of particles involved and the attraction between these particles. With the use of the periodic table of elements, the learners predict the chemical behaviour of elements based on the periodic trends of elements.
Using their understanding of atomic structure learned in Grade 8, learners describe how atoms can form units called molecules. They also learn about ions. Further, they explain how atoms form bonds (ionic and covalent) with other atoms by the transfer or sharing of electrons.
They also learn that the forces holding metals together are caused by the attraction between flowing electrons and the positively charged metal ions.
Learners explain how covalent bonding in carbon forms a wide variety of carbon compounds.
Recognizing that matter consists of an extremely large number of very small particles, counting these particles is not practical. So, learners are introduced to the unit—mole.
Learners investigate how gases behave in different conditions based on their knowledge of the motion of and distances between gas particles. Learners then confirm whether their explanations are consistent with the Kinetic Molecular Theory. They also learn the relationships between volume, temperature, and pressure using established gas laws.
In Grade 9, learners learned that the bonding characteristics of carbon result in the formation of large variety of compounds. In Grade 10, they learn more about these compounds that include biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Further, they will recognize that the structure of these compounds comprises repeating units that are made up of a limited number of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
CHANGES THAT MATTER UNDERGO
Learners recognize that materials Learners learn that particles are Learners explain how new In Grade 9, learners described how
SPIRALLING OF CONCEPTS
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
combine in various ways and through different processes, contributing to the wide variety of materials. Given this diversity, they recognize the importance of a classification system. They become familiar with elements and compounds, metals and non-metals, and acids and bases. In addition, learners recognize uses of common elements (metals and non-metals), compounds, acids and bases.
Further, learners demonstrate that homogeneous mixtures can be separated using various techniques.
always in motion. They can now explain that the changes from solid to liquid, solid to gas, liquid to solid, and liquid to gas, involve changes in the motion of and relative distances between the particles, as well as the attraction between them.
They also recognize that the same particles are involved when these changes occur. In effect, no new substances are formed.
compounds are formed in terms of the rearrangement of particles. They also recognize that a wide variety of useful compounds may arise from such rearrangements.
particles rearrange to form new substances. In Grade 10, they learn that the rearrangement of particles happen when substances undergo chemical reaction. They further explain that when this rearrangement happens, the total number of atoms and total mass of newly formed substances remain the same. This is the Law of Conservation of Mass. Applying this law, learners learn to balance chemical equations and solve simple mole-mole, mole-mass, and mass-mass problems.
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
PARTS AND FUNCTION: ANIMAL AND PLANTS In Grade 7, learners are introduced to the levels of organization in the human body and other organisms. They learn that organisms consist of cells, most of which are grouped into organ systems that perform specialized functions.
In Grade 8, learners gain knowledge of how the body breaks down food into forms that can be absorbed through the digestive system and transported to cells.
Learners study the coordinated functions of the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
They also learn that nutrients enter
Learners learn that organisms have feedback mechanisms that are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems. These mechanisms help the organisms maintain homeostasis to reproduce
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
ethical issues associated with biotechnology.
BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
Learners learn that the cells in similar tissues and organs in other animals are
similar to those in human beings but differ somewhat from cells found in
plants.
Learners learn that species refers to a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring. They learn that biodiversity is the collective variety of species living in an ecosystem. This serves as an introduction to the topic on hierarchical taxonomic system.
Learners learn that most species that have once existed are now extinct. Species become extinct when they fail to adapt to changes in the environment.
Learners revisit the mechanisms involved in the inheritance of traits and the changes that result from these mechanisms. Learners explain how natural selection has produced a succession of diverse new species. Variation increases the chance of living things to survive in a changing environment. In addition, the learners will discuss ethical concerns about new technologies that are being used to detect and treat human conditions, diseases and syndromes. Learners analyze current event reports, ethical situations and discussions.
ECOSYSTEMS
Learners learn that interactions occur
among the different levels of organization in ecosystems. Organisms
of the same kind interact with each
Learners learn how energy is transformed and how materials are cycled in ecosystems.
Learners learn how plants capture energy from the Sun and store energy in sugar molecules (photosynthesis). This stored energy
Learners investigate the impact of human activities and other organisms on ecosystems.
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
other to form populations; populations
interact with other populations to form communities.
is used by cells during cellular respiration. These two processes are related to each other.
They learn how biodiversity influences the stability of ecosystems.
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 FORCE AND MOTION
From a simple understanding of
motion, learners study more
scientific ways of describing (in
terms of distance, speed, and
acceleration) and representing
(using motion diagrams, charts,
and graphs) the motion of objects
in one dimension. Concepts
about scalars and vectors,
finding the resultant vector
using graphical method, and
graphing motion shall be
discussed in order to enrich the
content in Physics. Such skills
would develop the learners’
drafting and mechanical
engineering skills.
Learners study the concept of force and its relationship to motion. They use Newton‘s Laws of Motion to explain why objects move (or do not move) the way they do (as described in Grade 7). They also realize that if force is applied on a body, work can be done and may cause a change in the energy of the body. As an enrichment, concepts of free body diagrams shall be incorporated in the discussion on balanced and unbalanced forces. This would develop the learners’ analytical skills and other engineering skills. Understanding the
To deepen their understanding of motion, learners use the Law of Conservation of Momentum to further explain the motion of objects. From motion in one dimension in the previous grades, they learn at this level about motion in two dimensions using projectile motion as an example.
From learning the basics of forces in Grade 8, learners extend their understanding of forces by describing how balanced and unbalanced forces, either by solids or liquids, affect the movement, balance, and stability of objects. Learners become familiar with the factors affecting equilibrium, balance, and stability.
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Learners also explain how each electronic component works
electronic devices, and discuss applications of electronics in different fields
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
GEOLOGY
Learners will explore and locate places using a coordinate system. They will discover that our country’s location near the equator and along the Ring of Fire influences elements of up Philippine environment (e., natural resources and climate). Learners will explain how soil, water, and air may be polluted as a result of the different ways that people use Earth’s resources. They
As a result of being located along the Ring of Fire, the Philippines is prone to earthquakes. Using models, learners will explain how quakes are generated by faults. They will try to identify faults in the community and differentiate active faults from inactive ones. Learners describe the different hazards that result from the occurrence of earthquakes
Being located along the Ring of Fire, the Philippines is home to many volcanoes. Using models, learners will explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. They will describe the different types of volcanoes and differentiate active volcanoes from inactive ones. They will also explain how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use. Learners will explain the warning signs that scientists use in predicting volcanic eruptions. They will also describe the
Using maps, learners will discover that volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges are not randomly scattered in different places but are located in the same areas. This will lead to an appreciation of plate tectonics—a theory that binds many geologic processes such as volcanism and earthquakes. Learners will relate geologic processes that occur
will cite ways to lessen the pollution of soil, water, and air as Earth’s resources are used in everyday life plan (and implement, if possible) an environmental activity or project. In addition, learners will promote an environmental activity or project about conservation and preservation of resources
different hazards that result when volcanoes erupt.
in the Philippines to its tectonic setting.
METEOROLOGY
Learners will explain the
occurrence of atmospheric phenomena (breezes, monsoons,
and ITCZ) that are commonly
experienced in the country as a result of the Philippines’ location
with respect to the equator, and surrounding bodies of water and
landmasses.
Being located beside the Pacific Ocean, the Philippines is prone to typhoons. In Grade 5, the effects of typhoons were tackled. Here, learners will explain how typhoons develop, how typhoons are affected by landforms and bodies of water, and why typhoons follow certain paths as they move within the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Learners describe the different effects of tropical cyclones depending on the location of the community
In this grade level, learners will distinguish between weather and climate. They will explain how different factors affect the climate of an area. They will also be introduced to climatic phenomena that occur over a wide area (e., El Niño and global warming). Learners will distinguish between weather and cite practical ways to reduce risks and lessen the impact of climate change
Note: The theory of plate tectonics is the sole topic in Earth and Space in Grade 10. This is because the theory binds many of the topics in previous grade levels, and more time is needed to explore connections and deepen learners’ understanding
ASTRONOMY
Learners will explain the occurrence of the seasons and
eclipses as a result of the motions
Learners will complete their survey of the Solar System by describing the characteristics of asteroids, comets,
Learners will now leave the Solar System and learn about the stars beyond. They will infer the characteristics of stars based on the
CONTENT
CONTENT
STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS LEARNING COMPETENCY CODE
LEARNING
MATERIALS
Grade 7 – Matter FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD Doing Scientific Investigations
- Ways of acquiring knowledge and solving problems
The
Learnersdemonstrate
an understanding of:
scientific ways of acquiring knowledge and solving problems
The Learners shall be
able to:
perform in groups in guided investigations involving community- based problems using locally available materials
The Learners should be able to...
describe the components of a scientific investigation;
Diversity of Materials in the Environment
2 Solutions
components of a solution
some important properties of solutions
prepare different concentrations of mixtures according to uses and availability of materials
2. Describe the components of
a solution
- investigate properties of unsaturated or saturated solutions;
- express concentrations of solutions quantitatively by preparing different concentrations of mixtures according to uses and availability of materials;
2 Substances and Mixtures
the properties of substances that distinguish them from mixtures
investigate the properties of mixtures of varying concentrations using
- distinguish mixtures from substances based on a set of properties;
CURRICULUM GUIDE – GRADES 7-10 STEM
CONTENT
CONTENT
STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS LEARNING COMPETENCY CODE
LEARNING
MATERIALS
available materials in the community for specific purposes
2 Elements and Compounds
classifying substances as elements or compounds
make a chart, poster, or multimedia presentation of common elements showing their names, symbols, and uses
- recognize that substances are classified into elements and compounds;
- recognize uses of common elements and compound
2 Acids and Bases
the common properties of acidic and basic mixtures
properly interpret product labels of acidic and basic mixture, and practice safe ways of handling acids and bases using protective clothing and safety gear
- determine basic and acidic mixtures using natural
indicators ; and
2 Metals and Non- metals
properties of metals and nonmetals
- describe some properties of metals and non-metals such as luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
10. recognize uses of metals and
non-metals
CONTENT
CONTENT
STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS LEARNING COMPETENCY CODE
LEARNING
MATERIALS
- Levels of Biological Organization
the different levels of biological organization
- describe the different levels of biological organization from cell to biosphere;
S7LT-IIc-
Animal and Plant Cells the difference between animal and plant cells
differentiate plant and animal cells according to presence or absence of certain organelles;
S7LT-IId-
BEAM: The Basic Unit of Life
- explain why the cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms;
S7LT-IIe-
- Fungi, Protists, and Bacteria
organisms that can only be seen through the microscope, many of which consist of only one cell
- identify beneficial and harmful microorganisms;
S7LT-IIf-
II. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
- Asexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
reproduction being both asexual or sexual
- differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in terms of:
- 1 number of individuals involved;
- 2 similarities of offspring to parents;
S7LT-IIg-
- describe the process of fertilization;
S7LT-IIg-
CONTENT
CONTENT
STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS LEARNING COMPETENCY CODE
LEARNING
MATERIALS
II. Ecosystems
- Components of an ecosystem
- Ecological relationships 2 Symbiotic relationships 2 Non symbiotic relationships
- Transfer of energy through trophic levels
organisms interacting with each other and with their environment to survive
conduct a collaborative action to preserve the ecosystem in the locality
- differentiate biotic from abiotic components of an ecosystem;
S7LT-IIh-
- describe the different ecological relationships found in an ecosystem;
S7LT-IIh-
- predict the effect of changes in one population on other populations in the ecosystem; and
S7LT-IIi-
- predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors on the ecosystem.
S7LT-IIj-
CG Enriched Science (Special Science Class)
Course: Practical Research
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