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1. Liver Function (Enzymes)
Clinical Chemistry 2 (MDT 3122L)
Our Lady of Fatima University
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LIVER ENZYMES ENZYME TISSUE SOURCE SIGNIFICANCE ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST) / SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE (SGOT) Heart, Skeletal Muscle, Liver ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) / SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE (SGPT) - mainly found in the Liver - lesser amounts in the Skeletal Muscle & Kidney ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) - distributed in all tissues - highest activity seen in the Liver, Bone, Intestine, Kidney, Placenta - can differentiate Hepatobiliary disease from Osteogenic Bone disease (Paget’s Disease) - at very ↑ levels during Extra-Hepatic concentrations - ↑ during Pregnancy due to its release from Placenta LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE - widely distributed throughout the body - General non-specific marker of Cellular Injury - ↑ during Metastatic Carcinoma ↑ has 5 Tissue-specific Isoenzyme 5’ NUCLEOTIDASE (5NT) - found in variety of cells - significantly ↑ during Hepatobiliary Disease - no bone source, so it’s useful in differentiating ↑ ALP due to liver problem vs. others - more sensitive than ALP during cases of Metastatic Liver Disease Ꝩ-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE Kidney, Liver, Pancreas, Intestine, Prostrate but not Bone - useful for differentiating ALP ↑ - ↑ during Biliary Obstruction - ↑ during Alcohol & Drug intake - used to confirm Hepatic Neoplasm - rapidly ↑ in almost all liver disease (elevated for 2-6 weeks) - ↑ levels are seen during Viral Hepatitis, Drug-induced Cirrhosis, Hepatic Ischemia - also ↑ in AMI, IM, Renal Infarction, Progressive Muscular Dystrophy, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperthyroidism
1. Liver Function (Enzymes)
Course: Clinical Chemistry 2 (MDT 3122L)
University: Our Lady of Fatima University
