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College English Finals Reviewer

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College English (ENG111)

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Academic year: 2022/2023
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Our Lady of Fatima University

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COLLEGE ENGLISH FINALS REVIEWER

Personal pronoun are the only pronoun with case. There are 2 pronoun case: Nominative and Objective.

Nominative Pronouns

Example of Nominative pronouns: I, we, you, you (plural/ all), he, she, it, and they.

They are used as a subjects and predicate nominatives:

I am a teacher You are a student.

The pronouns are the subjects. Using them as predicate nominative is correct but may sound a little strange:

It is I. The winner of the prize is he.

Objective Pronouns

Example of objective personal pronouns: me, us, you, you (plural/all), him, her, it, and them.

These are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of preposition.

I see him - direct object I give him food - indirect object I believe in him - object of preposition

With appositives, case depends on the case of the noun.

Example:

The two daughters, Rita & I, will help with the meal.

He saw his two daughters, Rita & me.

First case renames the subject, so you use a nominative pronoun. Second case renames the direct object, so you use the objective case.

Paraphrasing - you use your own words to express something that was written or said by another person.

Summarizing - is a brief overview of an entire discussion or argument.

Announcement - is one of the short functional text. It is an official notification about something, Whether written or spoken which presented to the public.

The social function of Announcement: To make a formal written notice of certain events which has happened or going to happen.

HOW TO MAKE ANNOUNCEMENT?

Generic Structure

  • Opening ( title )
  • Content
  • Closing

The content of announcement:

  • To whom the announcement is for
  • The purpose of announcement itself
  • When the event will be held ( day, date , time )
  • Where the event will take place
  • Who makes the announcement

Language Features

  • Simple Present Tense
  • Simple Future
  • No conjunction
  • Date, time, place
  • Event

TIPS AND TRICK TO WRITE ANNOUNCEMENT

  • Straight forward and ease the readers to get information quickly
  • Keep it short, inviting, and to the point.
  • Clear and complete
  • For a bad news, make a direct and no- nonsense statement.

Kind of announcement

  • Business Announcement
  • Funeral Announcement
  • Graduation Announcement
  • Birth Announcement
  • Wedding and engagement Announcement
  • Event
  • etc

NOTICE

Warning made in advance of an event to allow preparations to be made.

The verb “notice” is to observe or to take note of.

Verbs and Voice

Voice - is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action.

There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice.

Active voice - is used to show that the subject of the sentence is performing or causing the action.

Example: Lebron threw the basketball before the buzzer. Lebron shot the basketball from the free throw line. Lebron scored three points.

Passive voice - is used when the subject is the recipient of the action.

Example: The ball was thrown by Lebron. The basket was shot by Lebron. The score was made by Lebron.

Why does it matter? Active voice is more direct and concise. Passive voice is usually wordier.

Form of Passive Voice Verbs The passive voice requires a "double verb" and will always consist of a form of the verb "to be" and the past participle (usually the "en/ed/t" form) of another verb.

Review the forms of "to be": am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

Examples:

Passive: The cookies were eaten by the children. Active: The children ate the cookies.

Passive: The tunnels are dug by the gophers. Active: The gophers dug the tunnels.

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY WRITING

Descriptive writing - creates a picture of a person, place, thing, or event. Description tells what something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels like.

Elements of Descriptive Writing

Good descriptive writing is comprised of five elements; Sensory Details, Figurative Language, dominant impression, precise language, and Careful Organization.

  1. Sensory Details Good descriptive writing includes many vivid sensory details that paint a picture and appeals to all of the reader's senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste when appropriate. Descriptive writing may also paint a pictures of the feelings the person, place or thing invokes the writer.

  2. Figurative Language Good descriptive writing often makes use of figurative language to help paint the picture in the reader's mind. There are many ways to use figurative language, and it is a talent that should be practiced until perfected.

  3. A DOMINANT IMPRESSION When you plan a descriptive essay, your focus on selecting details that help your readers see what you see, feel what you feel, and experience what you experience. Your goal is to create a single dominant impression, a central theme or idea to which all the details relate

4) PRECISE LANGUAGE

Good descriptive writing uses precise language. Using specific words and phrases will help the reader “see” what you are describing. If a word or phrase is specific, it is exact and precise. The opposite of specific language is language that is vague, general, or fuzzy.

  1. CAREFUL ORGANIZATION Good descriptive writing is organized. Some ways to organize descriptive writing include: chronological (time), spatial (location), and order of importance.

Spatial Order - Uses location, such as top to bottom , front to back and left to right

Order of Importance - Puts the most important details at the beginning

Chronological order - Arranges details in time

Format of doing a persuasive writing

  1. Pick a topic you're passionate about
  2. Know your audience
  3. Research both sides
  4. Outline your argument
  5. Write your introduction
  6. Include your body paragraphs (Topic Sentence, Relevant Supporting/Evidences, and Closing Sentences/Analysis)
  7. Wrap it up with a strong conclusion
  8. Proofread

Do's and Don't s in doing a persuasive writing

Do’s

Do use the editorial “we” rather than the first person “I.”

Do support your argument with facts and opinions.

Do look for a “hook” to grab your reader’s interest. Think about your audience.

Do give incidents and examples.

Do organize your writing.

DON’T S

Don’t be negative.

Don’t threaten.

Use a strict either/or argument

Don’t toss in a Red Herring.

Don’t use Bandwagon persuasion.

Don’t use vague terms.

Strategies to use in grabbing your audience

Riddles, Strong Statement, Quotation , Interesting fact, Anecdote, Fact or Statistic, Question, and Outrageous Statement

Creating arguments & thesis statement - A thesis statement is one sentence at the end of your introduction that states your opinion. It needs to be strong.

Three Supporting Paragraphs: Use each of the main arguments you used in your introductory paragraph and expand on each giving facts and reasons.

The Other Side of the Story - This is where you should explain why your opposition believes what they believe.

Sentence unity

Parallelism - is the use of similar structure in related words, clauses, or phrases.

Parallelism using coordinating conjunctions Wrong: I like to read and spending time with my friends Correct: I like to read and to spend time with my friends

Parallelism using than or as. Wrong: I like swimming better than to dive. Correct: I like swimming better than diving.

Parallelism using correlative conjunctions. Wrong: We were told to either make a parrol or write a letter for santa. Correct: We were told to either make a parrol or to write a letter for santa.

Needed Words

Add needed words to complete compound structure Wrong: Many Filipinos in various countries continue to believe and practice Filipino Christmas traditions. Correct: Many Filipinos in various countries continue to believe in and practice Filipino Christmas traditions.

Add the word if there is any danger in reading it Wrong: Ana didn't discover her friend Jana; she discovered that Jana's actions are different at school and when she's at home. Correct: While Ana was still staying at Jana's house, she discovered how Jana was acting so differently at school than at home.

Add words needed to make comparisons logical and complete.

Wrong: My father's menudo is still the best than any dish for christmas noche buena.

Correct: My father's menudo is still the best than any other dish for christmas noche buena.

PROBLEMS WITH MODIFIERS

Put limiting modifiers (only, even, almost, nearly, just) in front of the words they modify.

Wrong: Only my father gave me 500 pesos for christmas.

Correct: My father gave me only 500 pesos for christmas.

Place phrases and clauses so that readers can see at a glance what they modify.

Wrong: The teacher gave Christmas cookies to the children wrapped in aluminium foil.

Correct: The teacher gave Christmas cookies wrapped in aluminium foil to the children.

Dangling Modifiers

Wrong: Walking home at night, the road is already full of snow.

Correct: As Rensy was walking home at night, the road was already full of snow.

SHIFTS

Consistently use the same person and number of points of view.

Wrong: We were talking recently about Christmas and the problems I personally have as fur parents.

Correct: We were talking recently about Christmas and the problems we personally have as fur parents

Keep the verb tenses constant

Wrong: Mom arrives home with lots of decorations that she bought from Waltermart.

Correct: Mom arrived home with lots of decorations that she bought from Waltermart.

Create verbs with consistent voice and mood

Wrong: She first prepares the food. Then she decorated the venue for the Christmas party. Correct: She prepares the food and then decorates the venue for the Christmas party.

Avoid sudden changes in questions or quotations from indirect to direct.

Wrong: Flor said that Santa Claus will come over and I want to have a bear as a gift. Correct: Flor said that Santa Clasu will come over and tell him to have a bear as a gift.

Mixed Construction

A Untangle the grammatical structure

Wrong: Although we feel sleepy waiting for Christmas, but the food in front of us will make us feel alive. Correct: Although we feel sleepy waiting for Christmas, the food in front of us will make us feel alive

Make the logical connections evident.

Wrong: In the bowl of names, the kid, who received more than 3 gifts, will be disqualified. Correct: In the bowl of names, the kid, more than 3 gifts will be disqualified.

Avoid... is when.. where and reason... is because constructions.

Wrong: The reason why I felt sad during the Christmas event is because I forgot to bring my camera.

Correct: I felt sad during the Christmas event because I forgot to bring my camera.

Number 7 - Conversation

The Five Rules for Writing Direct Quotations

Rule 1 - Add quotation marks.

Rule 2 - Separate source phrase from quote.

Rule 3 - Capitalize the first word of the direct quotation.

Rule 4 - Add end marks.

Rule 5 - Add needed capitalization and punctuation

Must make a new paragraph every time a different person speaks

Number 8 - Sentences

Vary your sentences.

  1. Are some of your sentences long and others short?
  2. Do you start the beginnings differently? 3. Do some sentences start with a part of speech other than a noun or pronoun?

Number 9 – Figurative Language

Use a little figurative language to add interest to your story. Simile - comparison between two unlike things that have something in common using like or as Metaphor - comparison between two unlike things that have something in common without using like or as Alliteration - repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables Onomatopoeia - the imitation of natural sounds in word form. These words help us form mental pictures about the things, people, or places that are described

Number 10 - Plot Structure

a plot, including setting and characters a climax (This is when the plot is solved.) an ending

Beginning - you should introduce your characters. The reader should also know about the world your characters live in (the setting) and the something about each of the characters in your story. The beginning of your story is also the place where your plot (the problem) is first introduced.

Middle - Your story needs to build to something exciting, the climax. Write about a simple conflict, a task that must be completed, a question that must be answered, or a barrier that must be overcome.

Includes: Actions Dialogue Sensory Details Thoughts and Feelings Suspense (Remember to build to a climax.)

The End - this is the big finish. The end should reveal how you overcame your problem. All conflicts are resolved and everything goes back to normal.

Parallel Structure Parallel structure - adds both clout and clarity to your writing. When you use parallel structure, you increase the readability of your writing by creating word patterns readers can follow easily.

Understanding Parallel Structure

Parallel structure (also called parallelism) - is the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.

Example:

Not Parallel: Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps. Parallel: Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps.

Using Parallel Structure With Coordinating Conjunctions When you connect two or more clauses or phrases with a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, or so), use parallel structure.

Example:

Not Parallel: My best friend took me dancing and to a show. Parallel: My best friend took me to a dance and a show

With Correlative Conjunctions When you connect two clauses or phrases with a correlative conjunction (not only.. also, either.., neither.., if.., etc.), use parallel structure.

Example:

Not Parallel: My dog not only likes to play fetch, but also chase cars. Parallel: My dog not only likes to play fetch, but he also likes to chase cars.

With Phrases or Clauses of Comparison When you connect two clauses or phrases with a word of comparison, such as than or as, use parallel structure.

Example:

Not Parallel: I would rather pay for my education than financial aid. Parallel: I would rather pay for my education than receive financial aid.

With Lists When yo u are comparing items in a list, use parallel structure.

Example:

Not Parallel: John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they are compulsory, funded by the government, and destroy students' humanity. Parallel: John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they are compulsory, government- funded, and normalizing.

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College English Finals Reviewer

Course: College English (ENG111)

31 Documents
Students shared 31 documents in this course

University: Our Lady of Fatima University

Was this document helpful?
COLLEGE ENGLISH FINALS REVIEWER
Personal pronoun are the only pronoun with case.
There are 2 pronoun case: Nominative and
Objective.
Nominative Pronouns
Example of Nominative pronouns: I, we, you, you
(plural/ all), he, she, it, and they.
They are used as a subjects and predicate
nominatives:
I am a teacher
You are a student.
The pronouns are the subjects.
Using them as predicate nominative is correct but
may sound a little strange:
It is I.
The winner of the prize is he.
Objective Pronouns
Example of objective personal pronouns: me, us, you,
you (plural/all), him, her, it, and them.
These are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and
objects of preposition.
I see him - direct object
I give him food - indirect object
I believe in him - object of preposition
With appositives, case depends on the case of the
noun.
Example:
The two daughters, Rita & I, will help with the meal.
He saw his two daughters, Rita & me.
First case renames the subject, so you use a
nominative pronoun. Second case renames the direct
object, so you use the objective case.
Paraphrasing - you use your own words to express
something that was written or said by another
person.
Summarizing - is a brief overview of an entire
discussion or argument.
Announcement - is one of the short functional
text. It is an official notification about something,
Whether written or spoken which presented to
the public.
The social function of Announcement:
To make a formal written notice of certain events
which has happened or going to happen.
HOW TO MAKE ANNOUNCEMENT?
Generic Structure
• Opening ( title )
• Content
• Closing
The content of announcement:
• To whom the announcement is for
• The purpose of announcement itself
• When the event will be held ( day, date , time )
• Where the event will take place
• Who makes the announcement
Language Features
• Simple Present Tense
• Simple Future
• No conjunction
• Date, time, place
• Event
TIPS AND TRICK TO WRITE ANNOUNCEMENT
• Straight forward and ease the readers to get
information quickly
• Keep it short, inviting, and to the point.
• Clear and complete
• For a bad news, make a direct and no- nonsense
statement.
Kind of announcement
• Business Announcement
• Funeral Announcement
• Graduation Announcement
• Birth Announcement
• Wedding and engagement Announcement
• Event
• etc
NOTICE
Warning made in advance of an event to allow
preparations to be made.
The verb “notice” is to observe or to take note of.

Students also viewed

Related documents