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English-reviewer
College English (ENG111)
Our Lady of Fatima University
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English reviewer Difference between a sentence and a fragment ● SENTENCE A sentence must have a subject and a verb. Moreover, a sentence must also convey a complete thought. - A subject is a person, place, or thing. It names who or what the sentence is about. The subject does the action of the verb. - A verb is either an action word that tells the reader what is happening or a state of being word (be, am, is, are, was, were). Example: ● We worked long hours at the polling booth. ● Ed and I checked and rechecked our answer. ● My brother bought some stamps yesterday, and he mounted them in his stamp collection. ● Our band, which won the trophy, will perform after the game is over. ● When I put the skates on, I was quite nervous, but I felt that I should at least try. COMPLEX: ONE INDEPENDENT & ONE OR MORE DEPENDENT CLAUSES Compound COMPLEX: 2 OR MORE INDEPENDENT AND 1 OR MORE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE ● FRAGMENT A FRAGMENT could be: ● PHRASE FRAGMENT - it is missing either a subject or a verb or both and is not a complete thought. - Example : (My favorite) (The Chief of Police) (a handful) (on the floor) (this green) ● DEPENDENT CLAUSE FRAGMENT - it is introduced by a subordinating conjunction and needs to be paired with an independent clause - Example : (since he left) (when I answered the call) (which won the trophy) (after the party FIXING A FRAGMENT Ex: Because he ran very fast. = FRAGMENT
Although he studied very hard. = FRAGMENT RUN-ON SENTENCE A run-on sentence is two or more complete sentences that are unintentionally capitalized and punctuated as if they were one. Kinds of run-ons ● FUSED SENTENCE - A fused sentence is consists of two or more sentences that are not separated or joined by any punctuation at all. - Example: The waves lashed the shore the beach houses were washed away. ● COMMA SPLICE - It is consists of two or more sentences separated only by commas instead of by commas and conjunctions. - Example: In the morning the house was cold, the sun soon warmed it up. A comma splice is another type of grammatical error that occurs when two independent clauses (complete thoughts) are joined together using only a comma, without any coordinating conjunction or appropriate punctuation. Here's an example of a comma splice: "I woke up late, I missed the bus." To correct a comma splice, there are a few different ways you can go about it: Separate the clauses with a period: "I woke up late. I missed the bus." Use a comma and coordinating conjunction: "I woke up late, and I missed the bus." Convert one of the clauses into a dependent clause: "Because I woke up late, I missed the bus." These corrections help to properly separate the independent clauses and make the sentence grammatically correct. By avoiding the use of a comma splice, you ensure clearer and more coherent writing.
FAULTY PARALLELISM
Parallelism is the placement of equal ideas in words, phrases, or clauses of similar types. - PARALLEL WORDS: I felt feverish, achy, and nauseated. - PARALLEL PHRASES: My goals are making the soccer team, earning good grades, and getting a job. - PARALLEL CLAUSES: That we were disorganized, and that we were rushed quickly became apparent. - PARALLEL SENTENCES: I came. I saw. I conquered. DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY - Description is an important and useful communication skill. When writers use vivid descriptions, they do not only make their writings more lively and interesting, but they also indicate their attitude towards the subject through the choice of words and details.
- Descriptive writing applies to the
five senses, so it tells how something
looks, feels, smells, tastes, and/or
sounds.
SMELL
- the aroma of freshly brewed coffee SOUNDS
- traffic, honking horns SIGHT
- The sun scattered tiny diamonds across dew-covered grass as it peeked out from beyond the horizon.
TOUCH
- The texture of the adobe hut’s walls resembled coarse sandpaper. TASTE
- sweet, sour, salty, bitter, tart
- Giant goose bumps formed on my tongue when I accidentally bit into a sliver of lemon. A description usually follows a pattern of organization which is called spatial order. Spatial order is the arrangement of items according to their physical position or relationship. SPATIAL ORDER SIGNALS at the top of in the center on the left in front of in the front of inside next to between behind in back of in the back of Across Description may be objective or subjective. ● objective description aims primarily to present word pictures of a person, a scene, or an object. ● subjective description may be used with exposition or narration as in creative writing. Being artistic and literary, it stimulates the imagination, appeals to the emotions, and gives pleasure as well. PERSUASIVE ESSAY A persuasive essay presents your personal point of view in a certain topic or issue. In this manner of writing, you are required to organize your arguments and provide explanation which may be accompanied by evidence so that the readers will be persuaded in believing that your opinion is acceptable. Difference of Argumentative Writing from Persuasive Writing
PARAPHRASING
What is your Idea of paraphrasing? Examples:
VOICE OF THE VERB
- Voice refers to the form of a verb that indicates when a grammatical subject performs the action or is the receiver of the action. Differences between Active and Passive ● Active voice
- Active Voice: The subject of the sentence is the one doing the action. Examples: The researchers compared the behavior of two groups of children. The clerk was helping the customer/ Students need good study skills to succeed in college. You should tell him. ● Passive Voice
- Passive Voice: The subject of the sentence is now being acted upon. The actor moves to the end of the sentence with by or drops off altogether if it is unimportant or unknown. The verb must include a form of be, followed by a past participle (normally an -ed ending). Examples: The behavior of two groups of children was prepared. (by the researchers) The customer was being helped. (by the clerk) Good study skills are needed to succeed in college. He should be told. KNOW WHEN ACTIVE VOICE IS APPROPRIATE OR PREFERRED To focus readers’ attention on the actor, not what is being acted upon. ● Active: Captain Ahab pursues the whale relentlessly. ● Passive: The whale is pursued relentlessly. (Or, The whale is pursued relentlessly by Captain Ahab.)
English-reviewer
Course: College English (ENG111)
University: Our Lady of Fatima University
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