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RH Blood Group System
Course: Medical Technology ((MLS))
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Students shared 1303 documents in this course
University: Our Lady of Fatima University
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RH Blood Group System
Historical Perspective
1939 -1940 ’s Two significant discoveries were
made
●Levine and Stetson described a hemolytic
transfusion reaction in an obstetrical
patient
● After transfusion, the recipient (obstetric
patient) demonstrated the classic
symptoms of an acute hemolytic
transfusion reaction
● Subsequently, an antibody was isolated
from the mother’s serum that reacted both
at 37C and at 20C with the father’s RBCs
● It was postulated that the fetus and the
father possessed a common factor that
the mother lacked
● While the mother carried the fetus, she
was exposed to this factor and subsequently
built an antibody that reacted against the
transfused RBCs from the father, which
resulted in the hemolytic transfusion
reaction
A year later, Landsteiner and Wiener
● Reported on an antibody made by guinea
pigs and rabbits when they were
transfused with rhesus monkey RBCs
● This antibody, which agglutinated 85
percent of human RBCs, was named RH
● Another investigation by Levine and
coworkers demonstrated that the
agglutinin that had caused the hemolytic
transfusion reaction and the antibody
described by Landsteiner and Wiener
appeared to define the same blood group
- Many years later it was recognized
that the two antibodies were
different
- However, the name Rh was retained
for the human produced antibody,
and the anti rhesus antibody
formed by the animals was renamed
anti LW in honor of those first
reporting it Rh
● Continued investigation showed additional
blood group factors associated with the
original agglutinin
●Mid 1940 ’s five antigens made up the Rh
system
● Today the Rh blood group system is made
up of nearly 50 different specificities
Nomenclatures of the Rh System
Fischer Race (DCE)
● Based on the theory that the antigen of the
systems were produced by the three closely
linked set of alleles, each gene was
responsible for producing a product (or an
antigen) on the red cell membrane
Wiener (Rh-Hr)
● Postulated that the gene responsible for
defining Rh are actually produced an
agglutinogen that contains a series of blood
factors, in which each factor is an antigen
recognized by an antibody
Rosenfield (Alpha Numeric)
● Number is assigned to each antigen of the
Rh system in order of its discovery
ISBT nomenclature uses 6 number designation
FISCHER RACE (DCE)
● According to the Fisher Race proposal,
each person inherits a set of Rh genes from
each parent
●Rh genes are expressed as Codominant
- each inherited gene expresses its
corresponding antigen on the RBC
● The combination of maternal and
paternal haplotypes determines one’s
genotype
- Dictates one’s phenotype (the
antigens expressed on the RBC that
can be detected serologically)
●An individual’s Rh phenotype is reported
as DCE rather than CDE because Fisher
postulated that the C/c locus lies between
D/d and E/e loci This information is based
on frequencies of the various gene
combinations
FISHER RACE (DCE)
● Inherit 3 genes
● Each genes codes for Ag