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Module 4 Principles of Speech and Delivery

Maam Rabang

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Environmental Science (Nsci. 4)

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Palawan State University

Academic year: 2020/2021

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College of Arts and Humanities

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS 67

Module 4

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

Introduction

The success of any speech depends on good preparation and good presentation. In trying to

influence your audience and make them do what you want them to do, you, as a speaker, must make

sure to deliver your message to your audience effectively. The audience does not only listen to your

speech, but they also get to see you in action. Thus, to gain confidence in your delivery, you must

learn the different principles of speech delivery.

Learning Outcomes

After working on this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the four main types of delivery;

2. Determine the vocal and physical aspects of speech delivery; and

3. Deliver your own speech applying the principles of speech delivery.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS

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Lesson Proper

Initial Activity:

Have you heard of a YouTube channel called TED? In this channel, videos of speeches from a

variety of speakers and topics are shared for interested listeners.

To start your new module, this link (youtube/results?search_query=TED+talks) will

bring you to TED’s You tube page. Choose a topic and a speaker that interest you. Watch the speaker

deliver his/her speech, and provide the following information:

Name of the speaker: ____________________

Name of the show/program: ________________________

Briefl y describe his/her topic: _____________________________________

What to Observe Write Observation Here.

Hand gestures

Facial expression

Bodily movements (posture, use of space, other

parts of the body, etc.)

Eye Movement

Other observations

Processing question:

Given your observations, do you think the person is an effective communicator? Why or why not?

Share your ideas in the class stream.

Discussion:

The success of any speech depends on good preparation and good presentation. In trying to

infl uence your audience and make them do what you want them to do, you, as a speaker, must make

sure to deliver your message to your audience effectively. The audience does not only listen to your

speech, but they also get to see you in action. Thus, to gain confi dence in your delivery, you must

learn the different principles of speech delivery.

Lesson 1: METHODS OF DELIVERY

There are four basic methods or styles of presenting a speech: manuscript, memorized,

extemporaneous, and impromptu. Each has a variety of uses in various forums of communication.

1. Manuscript Style

The speech is written and the speaker reads it word for word to the audience. Originally,

it was done from the hand-written paper manuscript. Today the manuscript style is common, but

the paper is gone. This method is commonly used by newscasters, television personalities and

government offi cials. In the old days, the manuscript was written on cue cards or paper scrolls, which

were held next to the camera lens. Nowadays, a special teleprompter is attached to the camera so

the newscaster is looking at the lens while reading. Manuscript style is used for precision. In the

news reporting industry there is no room for errors, the facts and names must be exact and accurate.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS

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####### A. Summarize the four types of speech according to delivery by completing the table

####### below.

####### Types of Speech Description Advantages Disadvantages

####### 1. Manuscript Speech

####### 2. Memorized Speech

####### 3. Impromptu Speech

####### 4. Extemporaneous

####### Speech

####### B. Among the four methods of delivery, which do you prefer to use as a speaker and

####### why?

Lesson 2: VOCAL ASPECT OF SPEECH DELIVERY

1. Pitch. This refers to the highness or lowness of the tone of your voice. In delivering a speech,

the pitch must be varied. Avoid monotone or a sound that is fl at and boring. Instead, use Infl ection

which is changing the pitch of the voice to draw the listeners’ attention to words or phrases that need

emphasis.

2. Volume. This refers to the loudness or softness of the sound. As a speaker, you must know which

part of your speech you should speak louder or softer. If there is a background noise, try to overcome

it and make your voice audible to every listener in the room, particularly to those who are seated at

the back.

3. Rate or Speed. This refers to the speed at which words are spoken. Rate must be varied in

accordance to the mood or thoughts the speaker wants to convey. He must determine when he needs

to be fast or slow in his speech. It is important to maintain a moderate speed to enable the listeners to

follow and understand the message more clearly.

4. Pause. This refers to a temporary stop in speech. It is used to allow the listeners to process and

absorb the information and also for the speaker to remember something that he/she might have

forgotten in the presentation. Pauses also indicate change in tone or topic. It can be used after an

introduction or before a conclusion to help the listeners understand the fl ow of the speech.

5. Animation. This refers to the liveliness of the voice. It will make the presentation dynamic and

interesting.

Activity 1: Methods of Delivery

College of Arts and Humanities

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS 71

6. Vocal Clarity. This refers to proper pronunciation. The speaker must utter the words properly using

standard pronunciation. He/she must avoid heavy accent and nervous fi llers, such as “um, “ah,”

“well,” “okay,” “you know, etc.

7. Vocal Quality. This refers to the distinct characteristics of one’s voice. The voice can be thin,

hoarse, warm, clear, soft, scratchy, mellow, and breathy. Each speaker must determine the strengths

and weaknesses of his/her voice and develop it with vocal exercises.

Activity 2: Vocal Aspect of Speech Delivery

Directions:

1. Record yourself practicing your speech. How does your speech sound in terms of pitch, volume,

rate, animation, and quality? Discuss your observation.

2. Listen to your recorded speech again. How would you evaluate your vocal clarity in terms of

articulation and pronunciation? Discuss your observation.

3. List the verbal fi llers that you tend to use, and be self-conscious to lessen your use of them.

Lesson 3: PHYSICAL ASPECT OF SPEECH DELIVERY

Physical delivery of a speech involves nonverbal communication through the face and eyes,

gestures, and body movements. Physical delivery is important in speech for it enhances the verbal

message.

1. Facial Expression

Appropriate facial expressions are important part of effective delivery, and they should be

consistent with the message. If the message is about happy moments, a happy face or a smile must

be shown. If the message is about sad event, sadness must also be shown in the face. If the speaker

wants to convey a serious message, he should show a serious facial expression. And a simple smile

is a powerful facial expression that can communicate friendliness, openness, and confi dence. Hence,

facial expressions must communicate an emotion, mood, or personality that the audience will view

favorably.

2. Eye Contact

Looking directly at the audience will make them feel that they are a signifi cant part of the

presentation. Eye contact can be used to establish credibility and hold the attention of the audience

and consequently understand the speech better. However, norms for eye contact vary among cultures.

Hence, it is important for the speaker to integrate the host culture’s expectations.

College of Arts and Humanities

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS 73

a strong feeling about something. Pointing the audience is also an example of an emphatic gesture if

the speaker wants to stress their responsibility to think or do something.

4. Posture

Posture is an important part of any presentation. The speaker must look comfortable and

confident. A good posture is standing straight and tall, with both feet flat and slightly apart, chin up,

shoulders relaxed coupled with a friendly smile. A good posture could command respect from the

audience, so avoid leaning to one side, pacing across the stage, rocking back and forth and turning

your back on the audience.

5. Movement

Bodily movement refers to total body movement as the speaker shifts from one position to

another. Effective movement must be purposeful, it must reinforce the message and not distract

the presentation. It must be done according to the idea of the message and not mechanically. For

example, stepping forward during a speech suggests an arriving at an important point; stepping

backward indicates an idea is concluded and want the audience to relax for a moment; and a lateral

movement implies a transitional, it indicates leaving one thought and taking up another. For example,

moving slowly sideways until standing next to the lectern suggests moving to another point.

6. Appearance

First impression and the overall appearance of a speaker are important. How the speaker

looks can make the audience interested and pay attention to his/her presentation. A number of things

contribute to the appearance of a speaker such as grooming, style, and fit of clothing. Clothing should

not capture the attention of the audience to the point that they are not listening to the message but

focusing on the clothes or jewelry instead.

The following list of appearance boosters may be helpful for a public speaker:

Source: ohio4h/sites/ohio4h/files/d6/files/publications/documents/4H_971AG.pdf

• Body is clean. • Clothes are clean. • Appearance is neat. • Nails are clean and suitably manicured. • Make-up is appropriate. • Posture is good. • Poise is evident. • Movements are easy and smooth as the speaker walks, sits, stands. • Expression is pleasant. • Positive presentation of self is made; speaker shows confidence.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS

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Activity 3: Physical Aspect of Speech Delivery

Procedure:

1. Using a video recorder or a full-length mirror, deliver your speech as naturally as you can.

2. Review your performance by viewing your recording, or asking a friend who watched you deliver

your speech. Focus on the physical aspect of delivery.

3. Complete the table below for your assessment.



Physical Aspect Your Observation Notes on How to Improve

on these Observation

1. Facial Expression

2. Eye Contact

3. Gesture

4. Posture

5. Movement

6. Appearance

EVALUATION

Deliver your Self- Prepared Speech

Directions. Applying the concepts of speech delivery in this module, deliver your prepared speech in

class.

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION A MODULAR APPROACH FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS

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Congratulations!

Do you realize that you are at the end of Unit II?

You are halfway through the course! You deserve –

CRITERIA

Excellent 5

Good 4

Fair 3

Poor 2

Not Evident 1 SCORE

VOCAL DELIVERY

8. Rate

Speaker consistently uses a varied, but appropriate pace where message is understood by the audience in its entirety, and uses pauses effectively

Speaker mostly speaks at a pace where message is understood, and uses pauses effectively

Speaks too fast or slow, making it difficult for audience to understand entire message, and/or does not use pauses effectively

Speaks too fast or too slow, or used pauses ineffectively, so that audience cannot understand the message

Pace never varies keeping the audience from attending to the message

9. Volume and Pitch

Speaker is easily heard throughout and varies volume and pitch to effectively extend the message

Speaker is heard throughout and varies volume and pitch to effectively extend the message

Volume and pitch are too loud or too soft and message cannot be easily understood

Volume and pitch are too loud or soft so the audience cannot fully hear the message

Volume and pitch make it impossible to hear the message

10. Articulation

Speaker forms all sounds correctly, facilitating meaningfulness of the message

Speaker has 1 or 2 articulation errors that do not greatly impact the meaningfulness of the message

Articulation errors slightly detract from the message

Articulation errors impede understanding of the message

Articulation errors prevent the audience from under- standing the message.

11. Pronunciation

Speaker correctly pronounces all words

Speaker had 1 or 2 pronunciation errors that may distract

Speaker had 1 to 3 pronunciation errors that distract

More than 3 pronunciation errors greatly distract the audience

Pronunciation errors prevent the audience from understanding 12. Time Within allotted time Within 10% of allotted time

Within 20% of allotted time

Not within 20% of allotted time

Fail to observe the time limit

Adapted from: cats.estrellamountain/sites/default/files/docs/364/gen-ed-communication-ability-rubrics

–

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

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