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Understanding The Self - Reviewer

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Abnormal Psychology (PSY 9)

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Module 1: Unit 1. Social Environmental, and other Life Factors (S) This unit introduces you to the journey of understanding the self. This will highlight the different factors (Social, Environmental, Biological, and other life factors) that contribute to the development of the Self.

NATURE Biological sciences which explain that our traits are passed on to humanity from one generation to another, and these transmitted traits served as a blueprint of our self and make us predispose to certain self- expressions (e., attitude, behavior, tendencies, etc.). •NURTURE Social Sciences have provided manifold of insights and explanations about the self both on the micro and macro level of one's social life. Different felds of social science stresses how group life (formal and informal) affects individuals' behavior and attitude, and emphasizes on the impact of various social institutions to the self -construal of an individual •SELF vs. IDENTITY For many, there is a very thin conceptual and functional distinction between the two concepts and many people perceive them as synonymous.
IDENTITY Identity. Based on lexical definition, Identity (noun, identity-den-ta-te, a, de -na-) referred to "the qualities, beliefs, etc that make a particular person or group different from others or the distinguishing character or personality of an individual
SELF Self: Based on lexical definition, Self (noun) is "the person that someone normally or truly is... or the entire person of an Individual
DIMENSIONALITIES OF SELF Some people believe that the Self or Identity can be more accurately depicted using a single factor or aspect. For example, we often hear people ask another to describe a particular person using a number of words. Can we really describe someone using only a few words?
Multidimensionality of the Self Society - (Social Factor of the Self) Refers to the influences of significant people in a person's life. This particularly includes the social groups where and individual identifies oneself. Environment - (Environmental Factor of the Self) Broadly includes the physical and communal elements present in our everyday surrounding, and is invariably dealt with by individuals in a specific geographic region or area. This is not only about the physical properties of the surrounding (ie., dimate and temperature, forms of land, etc.) but this factor principally includes the larger society or community and the expectations and norms operating in that particular locality or place. Heredity - (Hereditary Factor of the Self) Heredity is a biological process by which certain traits and characteristics are passed on from one generation to another. This factor compared with the two previously discussed factors can be depicted as the non-negotiable factor. If one has the choice whether or not to adopt the influence of social groups and to change (improve) one's environment, heredity as a factor of one's being and identity is relatively fixed and permanent. Physical Attributes (e. height, complexion, color of eyes, etc.) • Some Cognitive Traits (e., 1)

Volition - (Person-Volition Factor of the Self) The most controversial factor of the Self or Identity This refers to the inclination of a person to form and construct a specific identity, which will set him apart or unique compared with others Unit 2. What Philosophy says about the Self The Self has been defined as "as a unified being essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency (or, at least, with the faculty of rational choice)" Different philosophers have come up with more specific characteristics of the Self, and over time, these meanings have transformed from pure abstractions to explanations that hold scientific evidences Philosophy of the self has been defined through two distinct philosophical lens Empiricism-derives explanations of the self from sensory and bodily responses. We know things because we have experienced it through our bodily senses Rationalism - there is innate knowledge; they differ in that they choose different objects of innate knowledge Rationalism explains self from the standpoint of what is "ideal" and the "truth", not rooted in what is felt by the senses nor our body. Unit 3. What Science says about the Self Science has been lexically def ned as "the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment." Thus, attempts to explain Self have been made from the perspective of scientific methods. Further, scientific approaches to the study of the Self of two-fold physical sciences and social sciences. The former focuses on biological factors that make up the human body, the underlying growth and maturational mechanisms of people, and environmental influences that contribute to human development, central focus of which is the Self. On the other hand, social sciences is concerned with institutions, society, and interpersonal relationships of people living within society.

Biological Science Science has made sufficient advances in explaining human beings in the biological context. Beginning with the tenets of Aristotle and his scientific approach to the study of human experience, to the Natural Selection within the Evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, human development, individuality, and inevitably the Self, has been defined, analyzed, and explained according to specific mechanisms. The human body has been explained from a number of scientific standpoints. From a biological perspective, genetics has been studied extensively by scientists and doctors on how genes from both parents contribute to the characteristics of their offspring. The study of the human body from a physical perspective has paved the way for a fuller understanding of the self, as consciousness, deemed to be a fundamental core of the self, is influenced by inner dynamics and environments.
NEUROPHILOSOPHY The study of Neurophilosophy is attributed to Paul and Patricia Churchland. Neurophilosophy is concerned with the association of the brain and the mind, in order to understand the workings of the human mind, we must first understand the brain, its functions, and wave activity. They further argued that philosophical notions of free will, common sense, and conscientiousness, we must be able to explain it in the context of neuroscience as advances in this field seemingly converge with how people think, feel, and behave

✓ DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. This is a nucleus acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life. ✓ Genotype. This is the part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of a cell which determines a specific characteristic. ✓ Phenotype. This is the expression of our genotype (e. hair color, weight, or the presence or absence of a disease).

MATURATION Known as the completion of growth of genetic character ✓ enables us to walk, run, talk, and eventually, result in physical changes that are evident in the adolescent stage. The BIOLOGICAL BLUE PRINT
FAMILY being our first social group, forms a crucial foundation of our development, including that of our physical self. Aside from factors of heredity, our family is also primarily responsible for how we take care of our bodies. Our nutrition and sustenance was initially established by what was cooked in the home.
LARGE SOCIAL GROUPS As we grow older, we become exposed to a larger social group and thus, new practices and standards. We become more conscious of our physical appearance as time goes on; we begin to take note of our height, weight, facial features, and other physical characteristics, in comparison to our peers. Unit 2. The Sexual Dimension of the Self
Gender Roles are societal expectations of how men and women should act. Everyone has a basic idea of how men and women should act and behave; men are assumed to be strong and dominant while women are perceived to be submissive and demure.
Sexual Identity & Gender Orientation Sexual identity and gender orientation underlie our concept of self. We express our sexuality through individuality, our beliefs and behavioral lifestyle are based on our own perception of sexuality
Sexual Self: The Consequences of Sexual Choice Sexual intercourse, also known as copulation, is the reproductive act wherein the male organ (penis) enters the female's reproductive tract (vagina). Teenage couples who engage in sexual intercourse are usually overwhelmed by the sensations they feel during the act. •Early Pregnancy There are physical risks to having an early pregnancy that may impact on an adolescent's development, including risk of miscarriage, emotional stress, and health risks to both mother and infant. Further, early pregnancy may result to dropping out of school, alienation, and other similar disruptions.
Sexually-Transmitted Diseases Aside from pregnancy, another consequence of sexual intercourse is the risk of acquiring sexually-translated diseases. These sexually transmitted diseases, while most of them can be treated and cured, may have long-term consequences to one's health. STD is passed on by means of exchange of body fluids or genital contact. Among the common diseases are syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital warts. Symptoms of these sexually-transmitted diseases include a burning sensation during urination, warts and sores in the genital and mouth area, pus, abnormal and smelly discharge, genital irritation, and painful bowel movements.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) The most alarming sexually-transmitted disease is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is a virus that can be transmitted by anal, oral, or vaginal sex with an infected person, as well as through breast milk, during childbirth, and by coming

into contact with the blood of an HIV positive person. Module 3: Unfolding the Social Self Unit 1: The Cultural Self - FAMILY At the beginning of life, we are surrounded by our family. It is the most pervading, afluential sodal that group that impacts our self in the entire course of development. The conceptions we hold about our world, the values we uphold in making choices and decisions, and our habits and persistent behavior have been formed in the context of our respective families.

SCHOOL We harness our knowledge that we get from our mentors and apply the socialization skills we got from our families in developing relationships with our school peers. The information we glean from books, lectures of our mentors, insights from our classmates are assimilated and imbibed consequently in the inner recesses of our self.
COMMUNITIES Aside from one’s family and school, our communities also shape our social self to a large extent. From an anthropological and sociological perspective, our cultural beliefs and practices are influenced by what our communities and societies dictate. Bio ecological Systems Theory (Urie Bronfenbrenner, 1935)
The theory explains the bidirectional influence of individual and systems to each other and posits five specific systems that shape an individual’s progress. ✓ Microsystem It refers to institutions and social groups that the individual has direct contact and interaction with, including families, peers, schools, religious institutions, and the immediate neighbourhood. ✓ Mesosystem This system refers to the interconnections among aspects of the microsystems that impact on the individual concerned. Pragmatic examples of this would include parent-teacher relationships (PTA), parent and peers connections, family and parish relations, and the like. The focus of the relationship is to the individual, as a family member and as a student. ✓ Exosystem This system focuses on a social setting that an individual has no direct interaction within but nevertheless affects their development. ✓ Macrosystem This system encompasses the larger cultural context in which the individual resides in. Cultural contexts may include the socioeconomic status of his country, issues of ethnicity, societal values embraced by social institutions, cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation, and media content. ✓ Chronosystem The latest system of Bronfenbrenner’s theory focuses on patterns of environmental events, including sociohistorical events from a specific to a larger context. Graduation from college would entail changes in the social self as the individual is expected to work and contribute to family and society at large. Unit 2. The Socio-Digital Self
The Socio-Digital Self With the rise of technology, our way of socializing has significantly changed. One of the innovations that improved our socialization processes is the use of social media.

✓ Signifier (its physical form- a diamond ring) ✓ Signified (the mental concept it refers to engaged to be married) Barthes daimed that all things, verbal or visual, could be viewed as a kind of speech or ‘language’. It is then tantamount to say that objects can speak, and that even the most ordinary object might be eloquent.

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Understanding The Self - Reviewer

Course: Abnormal Psychology (PSY 9)

15 Documents

Students shared 15 documents in this course

University: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

Was this document helpful?

Module 1:

Unit 1. Social Environmental, and other Life Factors (S.ELF)

This unit introduces you to the journey of understanding the self. This will highlight the

different factors (Social, Environmental, Biological, and other life factors) that contribute to

the development of the Self.

• NATURE

Biological sciences which explain that our traits are passed on to humanity from one

generation to another, and these transmitted traits served as a blueprint of our self and

make us predispose to certain self- expressions (e.g., attitude, behavior, tendencies, etc.).

•NURTURE

Social Sciences have provided manifold of insights and explanations about the self both on

the micro and macro level of one's social life. Different felds of social science stresses how

group life (formal and informal) affects individuals' behavior and attitude, and emphasizes

on the impact of various social institutions to the self -construal of an individual

•SELF vs. IDENTITY

For many, there is a very thin conceptual and functional distinction between the two

concepts and many people perceive them as synonymous.

• IDENTITY

Identity. Based on lexical definition, Identity (noun, identity-den-ta-te, a, de -na-) referred to

"the qualities, beliefs, etc that make a particular person or group different from others or the

distinguishing character or personality of an individual

• SELF

Self: Based on lexical definition, Self (noun) is "the person that someone normally or truly

is... or the entire person of an Individual

• DIMENSIONALITIES OF SELF

Some people believe that the Self or Identity can be more accurately depicted using a single

factor or aspect. For example, we often hear people ask another to describe a particular

person using a number of words. Can we really describe someone using only a few words?

• Multidimensionality of the Self

Society - (Social Factor of the Self)

Refers to the influences of significant people in a person's life. This particularly includes the

social groups where and individual identifies oneself.

Environment - (Environmental Factor of the Self)

Broadly includes the physical and communal elements present in our everyday surrounding,

and is invariably dealt with by individuals in a specific geographic region or area. This is not

only about the physical properties of the surrounding (ie., dimate and temperature, forms of

land, etc.) but this factor principally includes the larger society or community and the

expectations and norms operating in that particular locality or place.

Heredity - (Hereditary Factor of the Self)

Heredity is a biological process by which certain traits and characteristics are passed on

from one generation to another. This factor compared with the two previously discussed

factors can be depicted as the non-negotiable factor. If one has the choice whether or not to

adopt the influence of social groups and to change (improve) one's environment, heredity as

a factor of one's being and identity is relatively

fixed and permanent. Physical Attributes (e.g. height, complexion, color of eyes, etc.) •

Some Cognitive Traits (e.g., 1.0)

Understanding The Self - Reviewer

Abnormal Psychology (PSY 9)

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

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Understanding The Self - Reviewer

Course: Abnormal Psychology (PSY 9)

University: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

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