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Chapter 1 and chapter 3

chapter 1 and 3
Course

Politics, Governance, and Citizenship (GEED 20023)

93 Documents
Students shared 93 documents in this course
Academic year: 2024/2025
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Sebastian Macaraig
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
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Macaraig, Sebastian L. PolGov Chapter 1

  1. Give one or two definitions of the basic concepts “nation,” “state,” and “nation-state” Answer: a. A nation refers to a group of people who identify with each other based on shared cultural elements like language, religion, and history, and who often desire some form of political recognition or autonomy. b. A state is a political organization with a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the ability to engage in relations with other states. It is recognized as having sovereignty over its affairs. c. A nation-state is a type of state that is based on the political and cultural unity of a nation. It is a sovereign entity where the boundaries of the state coincide with the distribution of a nation, meaning the people largely share a common identity.

  2. How did the establishment of Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines hasten the formation of the Filipino state? Answer: a. The Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines helped speed up the formation of the Filipino state in several ways. They brought together different communities under centralized rule, introduced education and religion that unified people, and sparked resistance and desires for independence. The Americans later established democratic institutions and improved the economy, encouraging national identity and movements for self-rule. Overall, these periods fostered a sense of unity among Filipinos and laid the groundwork for eventual independence in 1946.

  3. How would you explain the fragmentation of the Philippines between “the majority and minority cultures” as a result of the formation of the Filipino state during colonial times? Answer: a. During colonial times, the Philippines became fragmented between majority and minority cultures because the Spanish and American rulers focused on developing and integrating regions where the majority groups, like the Tagalogs and Cebuanos, lived. They often neglected and marginalized remote areas where minority groups, such as indigenous tribes and Muslims, resided. This led to unequal development, with majority cultures dominating education, politics, and economics, while minority groups faced exclusion, poverty, and limited political power, creating lasting divisions in the country.

  4. How did the local political elite in the country emerge during the periods of Spanish and American colonization? Answer: a. During Spanish colonization, local political elites in the Philippines emerged through the encomienda system, which gave them land and power, as well as through education and administrative roles provided by the Spanish. Under American rule, these elites gained more influence through democratic institutions, economic opportunities, and an expanded education system, which helped them become key players in politics and governance.

  5. How did the competition for social control between the state and other social institutions lead to the development of an unprofessional and patrimonial bureaucracy incapable of performing its functions effectively? Answer: a. The competition for social control in the Philippines between the state and powerful families, clans, the Church, and local leaders led to an ineffective bureaucracy. Powerful groups used their influence to place their supporters in government jobs, prioritizing loyalty over qualifications. This created a system based on personal connections and corruption, rather than merit and accountability, making the bureaucracy unprofessional and unable to perform its duties effectively.

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Chapter 1 and chapter 3

Course: Politics, Governance, and Citizenship (GEED 20023)

93 Documents
Students shared 93 documents in this course

University: Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Was this document helpful?
Macaraig, Sebastian L.
PolGov
Chapter 1
1. Give one or two definitions of the basic concepts “nation,” “state,” and “nation-state”
Answer:
a. A nation refers to a group of people who identify with each other based on shared
cultural elements like language, religion, and history, and who often desire some form of
political recognition or autonomy.
b. A state is a political organization with a defined territory, a permanent population, a
government, and the ability to engage in relations with other states. It is recognized as
having sovereignty over its affairs.
c. A nation-state is a type of state that is based on the political and cultural unity of a
nation. It is a sovereign entity where the boundaries of the state coincide with the
distribution of a nation, meaning the people largely share a common identity.
2. How did the establishment of Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines
hasten the formation of the Filipino state?
Answer:
a. The Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines helped speed up the
formation of the Filipino state in several ways. They brought together different
communities under centralized rule, introduced education and religion that unified
people, and sparked resistance and desires for independence. The Americans later
established democratic institutions and improved the economy, encouraging national
identity and movements for self-rule. Overall, these periods fostered a sense of unity
among Filipinos and laid the groundwork for eventual independence in 1946.
3. How would you explain the fragmentation of the Philippines between “the majority and minority
cultures” as a result of the formation of the Filipino state during colonial times?
Answer:
a. During colonial times, the Philippines became fragmented between majority and
minority cultures because the Spanish and American rulers focused on developing and
integrating regions where the majority groups, like the Tagalogs and Cebuanos, lived.
They often neglected and marginalized remote areas where minority groups, such as
indigenous tribes and Muslims, resided. This led to unequal development, with majority
cultures dominating education, politics, and economics, while minority groups faced
exclusion, poverty, and limited political power, creating lasting divisions in the country.

Students also viewed

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