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Acids, Bases, and p H
BS Nursing (BSN)
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BIOCHEM LAB ACIDS, BASES, AND pH pH Hydrogen Increase in ACIDIC Decrease in BASIC pH pOH pH pOH 14 Arrhenius Theory For water soluble substances 1. Arrhenius Acid any substance that ionizes in water to give a hydrogen ion 2. Arrhenius Base any substance that ionizes in water to give a hydroxyl ion Theory a proton donor (acid) in a presence of a proton acceptor (base) a acid must have at least one removable (acidic) proton to donate a base must have at least one nonbonding pair of electrons to accept a proton electron pair acceptors electron pair donors Conjugate Acid When a BASE accepts a proton, it becomes an ACID capable of returning that proton. Conjugate Base When an ACID donates its proton, it becomes capable of accepting that proton back. NH3 H2O OHBase Acid CA CB concentration, unit: Molar Acid Strength The tendency of an acid to dissociate to a hydrogen ion and its conjugate base Represented the acid dissociation constant or Ka Ka molecules that did not dissociate after a reaction Equilibrium of Reactions The equilibrium favors formation of weaker acid and base The weaker acid and the weaker base are found on the same side of the equation Strong acid low pKa Leah Morales !1 BIOCHEM LAB ACIDS, BASES, AND pH ionized when dissolved in water increase in Strong base low pKb ionized when dissolved in water increase in for Water (Kw) of water Kw: constant at pKa Ka Kw or Kw Buffers A solution that resists a change in pH on addition of moderate amounts of strong acid or strong base Buffering capacity: substantial amount of acid and base equilibrium Buffering system Weak acid conjugate base Weak base conjugate acid pH of a Buffer Solution Higher Ka lower pKa Equation pH pKa log Acidosis (pH 7) Process that results in decreased blood pH Too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood Low level of bicarbonate in the blood Alkalosis (pH 7) Process that results in increased blood pH Too much bicarbonate in the blood Low level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood CO2 H2O H2CO3 H2CO3H2CO3 is just a it is a of CO2 and H2O. Leah Morales !2
Acids, Bases, and p H
Course: BS Nursing (BSN)
