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Integumentary System summary
BS Nursing (BSN)
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM General functions: 1. Protection 2. Sensation 3. Temperature 4. Vitamin D production 5. Excretion SKIN Epidermis superficial layer, consists of epithelial tissue. Resists abrasion and reduces water loss. Stratified squamous epithelial. No blood vessels (avascular) TYPES of CELLS composing EPIDERMIS Keratinocytes Melanocytes Merkel Cells Langerhans when keratinocyte stemcells undergoes mitosis, new cell forms and pushes older cells to the skin surface. REGIONS of EPIDERMIS (5 1. Stratum Basale (malphigian layer) Single layer cells. Hemidesmosomes o Provides structural strength o Anchor to basement membrane Desmosomes o Holds keratinocytes Keratinocyte undergoes mitotic division for 19 days. It takes days for a cell to reach the epidermal surface. Stem cells give rise in this layer. Site of melanin formation. 2. Stratum Spinosum site. Superficial to basale. Consists of layers of many sided cells. Membrane bound organelles are produced in this layer (inside the bodies. 3. Stratum Granulosum Keratin site. Consists of layers of cells. Named from the presence of keratohyalin. 4. Stratum Lucidum Consists of several layers of dead skin cells. Has soft structure to resist water. Laurena Escondo, 2018 5. Stratum Corneum Most superficial layer of epidermis. Composed of dead skin cells with desmosomes. Consists of cornified cells. SKIN COLOR Melanin group of pigments for hair, skin, eye color which is produced melanocytes. Tyrosinase an enzyme used to produce melanin. a recessive genetic inability to produce tyrosinase. Dermis a connective tissue containing fibroblasts. main connective tissue. Contains nerve endings, smooth muscles, glands, lymphatic vessels. TWO TYPES OF DERMIS: 1. Papillary layer A loose connective tissue with thin fibers. Contains blood vessels. (vascular) Provides friction Under thick skins of palm. 2. Reticular Layer Composed of densed irregular connective tissue. Langer lines or Cleavage lines Tension lines produced orientation of collagen fibers. Stretch marks These are formed when the dermis is ruptured which results to tissue scar. Subcutaneous tissue Also known as Hypodermis Consists of loose connective tissue with collagen elastic fibers. ACCESORY SKIN STRUCTURES Hair covers most of the body. Lanugo o 5th or 6th month of unpigmented hair. Terminal hair o appears during pigmented hair. o Long, coarse, pigmented hair. Vellus hair o short, fine, unpigmented hair. HAIR STRUCTURE Shaft where hair is divided above the surface of the skin. Root below surface Hair bulb expanded bulb from the base of the hair. Medulla Central axis of the contains soft keratin. Laurena Escondo, 2018
Integumentary System summary
Course: BS Nursing (BSN)
