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Module 4: family in chn end term notes
Theoretical foundation of nursing (TFN1)
Riverside College
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MODULE 4 – THE FAMILY
FAMILY
The family is the unit of service in community and public health nursing. The family is a group of persons usually living together and composed of the head and other persons related to the head by blood, marriage or adoption. According to NSCB in 2008. NCSB = National Statistical Coordination Board A group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption, constituting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other, in their respective social roles, of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and maintaining a common culture. Family is a social unit interacting with larger society. (Johnson, 2000) A family is characterized by people together because of birth, marriage, adoption or choice (Allen et al., 2000) The family is composed of 2 or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of the family. (Friedman et al, 2003)
THE FILIPINO FAMILY
WHO characterizes the family a: A primary social agent in the promotion of health and well-being.
HOUSEHOLD
A group of persons living under one roof and sharing the same kitchen, and housekeeping arrangements. Not related by marriage, blood or adoption Not engaged in the performance of familial roles.
COMMUNITY & PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
In community and public health nursing, the family is considered as a unit of service. 1. The family is considered as the “natural” and fundamental unit of the society. It is an institution that involves the majority of the population. 2. The family is a group that generates, prevents, tolerates and corrects health problems within its membership. The family acts as the basic care provider. It is the family that works to achieve certain health goals. 3. The health problems of the family are interlocking. Illness in one member affects the entire family and its functioning. 4. The family is the most frequent focus of health decisions and actions in personal care. 5. The family is an effective and available channel for much of the community health nursing efforts. Improved community health is realized only through improved health families.
TYPES OF FAMILIES
The CHN interacts with the community made up of different types of families. When faced with great diversity in the community, the nurse must formulate a personal definition of family and be aware of the changing definition of family held by other disciplines, professionals and family groups. We have the following types of families: 1. Nuclear Family 2. Extended Family 3. Dyad Family 4. Blended Family 5. Compound Family 6. Cohabiting Family 7. Single Parent 8. Gay/Lesbian
NUCLEAR FAMILY The family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation; composed of a husband, wife, and their immediate children – natural, adopted or both. (Friedman et al., 2003, p. 10)
EXTENDED FAMILY
Consisting of 3 generations, which may include married siblings and their families and grandparents.
DYAD FAMILY
Consisting only of husband and wife, such as a newly married couples and “empty nesters”
BLENDED FAMILY
Results from a union where one or both spouses bring a child or children from a previous marriage into a new living arrangement
COMPOUND FAMILY A man has more than one spouse. Approved by Philippines Authorities only among Muslims
COHABITING FAMILY Described as a “live-in” arrangement between unmarried couple who are called common-law spouses and their child/children from such an arrangement
SINGLE PARENT
Results from the death of a spouse, separation, or pregnancy outside of wedlock.
GAY/LESBIAN
Made up of a cohabiting couple of the same sex in a sexual relationship. The homosexual family may or may not have children. Because the Family Code of the Phil. (EO 209) expressly states that marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with the law for the establishment of conjugal and family life, same-sex marriage is not legally acceptable.
FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
The family fulfills 2 important purposes. First is to meet the needs of the society Second is to meet the needs of individual family members o (Friedman et al.,2003) The family is the “buffer” between individuals and society. The family meets the needs of society through: 1. Procreation 2. Socialization of Family Members 3. Status Placement 4. Economic Function PROCREATION
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Despite the changing forms of the family, it has remained the universally acceptable institution for reproduction function and child rearing.
SOCIALIZATION OF FAMILY MEMBERS
Socialization is the process of learning how to become productive members of the society. Involves transmission of culture of a social group. For children, the family is the “first teacher” instructing the children in societal rules
STATUS PLACEMENT
Society is characterized by a hierarchy of its members into social classes.
ECONOMIC FUNCTION
One of the basic functions of the family is to ensure economic stability.
THE FAMILY AS A CLIENT
Regardless of the definition of family accepted or the form that it may take, what is evident is the importance of the family unit to society. The family meets individual needs through provision of basic needs. Such as food, shelter, clothing, affection, and education. The family supports spouses by meeting affective, sexual, and socioeconomic needs. CHN has long viewed the family as an important unit of healthcare with awareness that the individual can be best understood within the social context of the family. Observing and inquiring about the family interaction enables the nurse in the community to assess the influence of family members on each other.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR NURSES TO WORK
WITH FAMILIES?
- The family is a critical resource.
- In a family unit, any dysfunction that affects one or more members will affect the members and unit as a whole.
- Case Finding
- Improving nursing care.
THE FAMILY IS A CRITICAL RESOURCE.
The importance of the family in providing care to its members has already been established. In this caregiver role, the family can also improve individual members’ health through health promotion and wellness activities.
IN A FAMILY UNIT, ANY DYSFUNCTION THAT AFFECTS ONE OR MORE MEMBERS WILL AFFECT THE MEMBERS AND UNIT AS A WHOLE.
Dysfunction such as illness, injury, and separation. Also referred to as “ripple effect” Changes in one member causes changes in the entire family. Therefore, the nurse must assess each individual and the family unit.
CASE FINDING
While assessing an individual and family, the nurse may identify a health problem that necessitates identifying risks for the entire family.
IMPROVING NURSING CARE.
The nurse can provide better and more holistic care by understanding the family and its members. Family provides feedback and influences health services
THE FAMILY AS A SYSTEM
The family as a unit interacts with larger units outside the family and with smaller units inside the family
Each member of the system is, to a certain extent, independent of other members, yet the members are in so many ways dependent on each other. The family is embedded in social systems that have influence on health. Ex: Education, employment, housing.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND TASKS OF THE
FAMILY LIFE CYCLE
To assess the family, the CHN must comprehend the phases and the struggles that families experience while going through them. It includes the following: 1. Manage joining of families 2. Families with young children 3. Families with adolescents 4. Families as launching centers 5. Aging families
MANAGE JOINING OF FAMILIES
Formation of identity as a couple Inclusion of spouse in realignment of relationships with extended families Parenthood: Making decisions
FAMILIES WITH YOUNG CHILDREN
Integration of children into family unit Adjustments of tasks: Child rearing, financial, and household tasks Accommodation of new parenting and grand parenting roles
FAMILIES WITH ADOLESCENTS
Development of increasing autonomy for adolescents Midlife reexamination of marital and career issues Initial shift towards concern for the older generation
FAMILIES AS LAUNCHING CENTERS
Establishment of independent identities for parents and grown children Renegotiation of marital relationship Readjustment of relationships to include in-laws, and grandchildren Dealing with disabilities and death of older generation
AGING FAMILIES
Maintaining couple and individual functioning while adapting to the aging process Support role of middle generation Support and autonomy of older generation Preparation for own death and dealing with the loss of spouse and/or siblings and other peers
FAMILY HEALTH TASKS
These are according to Freeman and Heinrich. An important responsibility of the CHN is to develop the family’s capability in performing its health tasks. The first family health task is providing its members with means for health promotion and disease prevention. Examples of Health Tasks: Breastfeeding an infant, a healthy diet for older family members, bringing a young child to the health center for immunization, teaching a child about proper handwashing. 6 Health Tasks 1. Recognizing interruptions of health or development. 2. Seeking health care. 3. Managing health and non-health crises. 4. Providing nursing care to sick, disabled, or dependent members of the family. 5. Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health and personal development. 6. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and its health institutions.
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Module 4: family in chn end term notes
Course: Theoretical foundation of nursing (TFN1)
University: Riverside College
