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Psychosocial changes of older adults

Lecture notes in NCM114COP (geriatric nursing). Note template by @rieb...
Course

Theoretical foundation of nursing (TFN1)

78 Documents
Students shared 78 documents in this course
Academic year: 2022/2023
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Riverside College

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PSYCHO-SOCIAL CHANGES OF OLDER

ADULTS

NCM114COP

BSN 3 - Ray | MS. Ma. Leah Bee Ayson | SEM 2 2023

COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND AGING

● Perception, cognitive agility, memory and learning

PERCEPTION

● The ability to interpret the environment, depends on the acuteness of senses

If senses are impaired ⬇ The ability to perceive the environment & react appropriately is diminished

● Changes in the nervous system affect perceptual capacity ● Brain losses mass, blood flow to the brain decreases

COGNITIVE AGILITY

● Mental capability involving reasoning, problem solving, planning, idea comprehension ● In older adults, cognitive abilities are more often a difference in speed than in ability ● Overall, the older adults maintain intelligence, problem solving, judgement, creativity and other well-practiced cognitive skills ● Cognitive impairment that interferes with the normal life is not considered part of normal aging, a decline in intellectual abilities that interferes with social or occupational functions should always be regarded as abnormal (seek medical evaluation)

MEMORY

● Is a component of intellectual capacity ● Sensory memory ○ momentarily perception of stimuli from the environment ● Short term memory / recent memory ○ memory held in the brain for immediate use or what one has in mind at a given moment ○ it also deals with activities or the recent past minutes to a few hours ● Long-term memory ○ repository of information for periods longer than 72 hours and usually weeks and years

Confabulation

● making stories just to fill in the blanks or answer ● must verify or confirm information

SEVEN WAYS TO KEEP YOUR MEMORY SHARP

AT ANY AGE

● Keep learning ○ join a book group; play chess or bridge; write your life story; do crossword or jigsaw puzzles; take a class; pursue music or art; design a new garden layout ● Use all your senses ○ for example, try to guess the ingredients as you smell and taste a new restaurant dish. give sculpting or ceramics a try, noticing the feel and smell of the materials you’re using ● Believe in yourself ○ myths about aging can contribute to a failing memory ○ people who believe that they are not in control of their memory function are less likely to work at maintaining or improving their memory skills and therefore are more likely to experience cognitive decline ● Economize your brain use ○ take advantage of calendars and planners, maps, shopping lists, file folders, and address

books to keep routine information accessible ○ designate a place at home for your glasses, purse, keys, and other items you use often ○ remove clutter from your office or home to minimize distractions, so you can focus on new information that you want to remember ● Repeat what you want to know ○ when you want to remember something you’ve just heard, read, or thought about, repeat it out loud or write it down. that way, you reinforce the memory or connection ● Space it out ○ repetition is most potent as a learning tool when it’s properly timed. it’s best not to repeat something many times in a short period, as if you were cramming for an exam. instead, re-study the essentials after increasing longer periods of time - once an hour, then every few hours, then every day ● Make a mnemonic ○ this is a creative way to remember lists ○ mnemonic devices can take the form of acronyms (such as RICE to remember first-aid advice for injured limbs: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) or sentences (such as the classic “Every good boy does fine” to remember the musical notes E, G, B, D, and F on the lines of the treble clef).

LEARNING

● Older people need additional time learning, largely because of the problem retrieving information ● Older adults have more difficulty than younger ones learning information they do not consider meaningful

MORAL REASONING

● The values & belief patterns that are important to older adults may be different from those held by younger people because they developed during a time that was different from today

SPIRITUALITY AND AGING

● Religion and spirituality are similar but not identical concepts. ● Religion ○ is often viewed as more institutionally based, more structured, and involving more traditional activities, rituals and practices. ● Spirituality ○ refers to the intangible and immaterial and thus may be considered a more general term, not associated with a particular group or organization. ○ it can refer to feelings, thoughts, experiences, and behaviors related to the soul or to a search for the sacred.

BENEFITS OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY

● A positive and hopeful attitude about life and illness, which predicts improved health outcomes and lower mortality rates ● A sense of meaning and purpose in life, which affects health behaviors and social and family relationship ● A greater ability to cope with illness and disability ● People who use religious coping mechanisms are less likely to develop depression and anxiety than those who do not; this inverse association is strongest among people with greater physical disability

HARMFUL EFFECTS OR RELIGION AND

SPIRITUALITY

● Religion is not always beneficial to older adults. Religious devotion may promote excessive guilt, inflexibility, and anxiety. ● Certain religious groups discourage mental and physical health care, including potentially lifesaving therapies

2

● Two types of alcoholics: ○ Those who began drinking alcohol in their yourh ○ Those who began excessive alcohol use later in life to help them cope with the changes and problems of their older years ● Approximately ⅓ of older alcoholics are late onset drinkers (after age 60) and that number includes a higher number includes women (Ebersole et al 2012) ● Chronic drinking has major effects on all body systems: ○ progressive liver and kidney damage ○ damages the stomach and other related organs ○ slow mental responses leading to injuries and death ● Alcohol interacts with various drugs, altering the normal effect of the medication to on the body: ○ anticoagulants and narcotics ■ increased effect when taken with alcohol ○ antibiotics ■ inhibits action ● For an older adult who has chronic illness, takes many meds, the combination of drugs and alcohol can lead to serious drug overuse ● Nursing management: ○ Clients with alcoholism should not be stereotyped or prejudged by the nurse ○ The nurse should assess the number and type of alcoholic beverages consumed as well as the pattern and frequency of consumption ○ Discuss any meds the client is taking and its side effects and interaction effects of alcohol and meds ○ To facilitate the treatment of the drinking problem in addition to the prevention of possible complications (Nurse advocate)

DEMENTIA

● A progressive loss of cognitive function ● Dementia vs Delirium ● Most common type of Dementia is the Alzheimer’s disease, wherein cause is unknown ● Course of the disease is slow and insidious ● Symptoms vary from client to client, prominents symptoms are cognitive dysfunctions: ○ decline in memory, learning, attention, judgment, orientation and language skills ● Symptoms are progressive leading to a steady decline in cognitive and physical abilities lasting in 7 to 15 years ending in death ● No cure or specific treatment for AD, several drugs has been developed but none has been shown consistently to reverse the progression of the disease ● Nursing Responsibilities: ○ provide support care and accurate information ○ referral assistance when placement in nursing facility is deemed necessary ○ ongoing assessment to both the client and caregiver is important especially if the client’s condition deteriorates

4

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Psychosocial changes of older adults

Course: Theoretical foundation of nursing (TFN1)

78 Documents
Students shared 78 documents in this course

University: Riverside College

Was this document helpful?
PSYCHO-SOCIAL CHANGES OF OLDER
ADULTS
NCM114COP
BSN 3 - Ray | MS. Ma. Leah Bee Ayson | SEM 2 2023
COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND AGING
● Perception, cognitive agility, memory
and learning
PERCEPTION
● The ability to interpret the environment,
depends on the acuteness of senses
If senses are impaired
⬇
The ability to perceive the environment & react
appropriately is diminished
● Changes in the nervous system affect
perceptual capacity
● Brain losses mass, blood flow to the
brain decreases
COGNITIVE AGILITY
● Mental capability involving reasoning,
problem solving, planning, idea
comprehension
● In older adults, cognitive abilities are
more often a difference in speed than
in ability
● Overall, the older adults maintain
intelligence, problem solving,
judgement, creativity and other
well-practiced cognitive skills
● Cognitive impairment that interferes
with the normal life is not considered
part of normal aging, a decline in
intellectual abilities that interferes with
social or occupational functions should
always be regarded as abnormal (seek
medical evaluation)
MEMORY
● Is a component of intellectual capacity
● Sensory memory
○ momentarily perception of
stimuli from the environment
● Short term memory / recent memory
○ memory held in the brain for
immediate use or what one
has in mind at a given moment
○ it also deals with activities or
the recent past minutes to a
few hours
● Long-term memory
○ repository of information for
periods longer than 72 hours
and usually weeks and years
Confabulation
● making stories just to fill in the blanks or
answer
● must verify or confirm information
SEVEN WAYS TO KEEP YOUR MEMORY SHARP
AT ANY AGE
● Keep learning
○ join a book group; play chess
or bridge; write your life story;
do crossword or jigsaw
puzzles; take a class; pursue
music or art; design a new
garden layout
● Use all your senses
○ for example, try to guess the
ingredients as you smell and
taste a new restaurant dish.
give sculpting or ceramics a
try, noticing the feel and smell
of the materials you’re using
● Believe in yourself
○ myths about aging can
contribute to a failing memory
○ people who believe that they
are not in control of their
memory function are less likely
to work at maintaining or
improving their memory skills
and therefore are more likely
to experience cognitive decline
● Economize your brain use
○ take advantage of calendars
and planners, maps, shopping
lists, file folders, and address

Students also viewed

Related documents