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Anthropology
Bachelor of Science in Biology (BSBiol)
Saint Louis University (Philippines)
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UNIT 3: ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF
ANTHROPOLOGY – study of human beings in aspects ranging from biology to the features of society and culture ZEUS SALAZAR historian and anthropologist proponent of the Pantayong Pananaw Rootedness of our own reality: society and learning LANGUAGE “wika” is used to articulate this reality. It is the primary vehicle to come to a greater understanding of the self and arrive at a better self-definition. People are rooted in their own language comprising their memories and understanding. We should delve into the study of the Filipino self using our own language. “Useless” intellectuals – alienated from their own cultures Clifford Geertz (1995) – an American anthropologist stated, “One will only be able to draw real information and real conclusions if one immerses him or herself in the world of meanings and symbols of the group he or she is studying.” PANTAYONG PANANAW – any social collectivity that possesses a relatively unified and internally articulated linguistic-cultural structure of communication and interaction and/or a sense of purpose and existence “TAYO” – us “PANTAYO” – self-subsisted ideological circle consisting of active subjects “FROM-US – FOR-US” Perspective The qualities, values, learning, knowledge, aspirations, attitudes, behaviors, and experiences of the Filipino are related and internally connected and articulated through language. To understand the Filipino self and personhood, study it in the context of culture. Ang pantayong pananaw ay mga kwento at kasaysayan ng Pilipino na isinasalaysay ng mga Pilipino, para sa mga Pilipino. Bagama’t pareho and diwa, kaiba ito sa ginawa ng mga nationalist historians na katulad nina Jose Rizal, Teodoro Agoncillo at Renato Constantino sapagkat sumulat sila sa dayuhang wika. Para sa “Pantayong pananaw” dapat and pagkukuwento ay nasa wikang naiintindihan ng halos lahat ng Pilipino at sa panahong ito ay ang Wikang Filipino o Tagalog. PROSPERO COVAR - an anthropologist - attempts to describe the Filipino personhood and humanhood in the context of Filipino culture - most valuable contributions: pagkatong panloob,pagkataong panlabas, at pakikipagkapwa “Madali and maging tao; mahirap magpakatao” Ang pagiging tao ay isang prosesong bayolohikal. Ang pagpapakatao ay naayon naman sa prosesong kultural. STRUCTURE OF THE FILIPINO SELF - LABAS - LOOB - BUDHI KALULUWA DYNAMIC DUALISM – a close pairing of concepts that will be used for interpreting the Pagkataong Pilipino Kung may labas, may loob Kung may kaluluwa, may budhi BANGA – vessel; jar The katawan (body of a person) is likened to a banga as it has a loob, lalim, and labas. LOOB – the most important basis of personhood; inner qualities; different from “laman” LAMAN NG LOOB – can be studied through the use of Filipino metaphors or
UNIT 3: ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF
figures of speech, all of which are unique to Filipino culture. We get to understand Filipino personhood or pagkatao when we study those metaphors used to describe Filipino. Personhood is more than just the outer appearance hence can also be interpreted using the kaluluwa and budhi. ASPECTS OF CULTURE
- LIKAS – biological and natural aspect
- LIKHA – artifiical and man-made HARRY TRIANDIS “The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Context” – discusses several aspects of self, each of which became more prominent of are sampled in a specific type of culture. ASPECTS OF THE SELF
- PRIVATE SELF – understanding of your own self
- PUBLIC SELF – how you are perceived by other people in general
- COLLECTIVE SELF – your sense of belonging to a social group such as your family, friends, religious affiliation, nation, and other groups you might belong to. TYPES OF CULTURE
- Individualistic vs. Collectivistic – individualistic self; being an active player in society
- Tight vs. Loose – rigid, behave according to norms; high tolerance for deviance from norms
- Simple vs. Complex – common way of living; several ways of life In summary, Individualistic, Loose, and Complex cultures are classified as Private Self. Collectivistic and Simple are classified as Collective Self whereas Tight culture is classified as Public Self.
Anthropology
Course: Bachelor of Science in Biology (BSBiol)
University: Saint Louis University (Philippines)
