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Comparative Models in Policing I
obligation and contracts
University of Cagayan Valley
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COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
INTRODUCTION
A. Definitions
Policing. According to Manning (1977), policing literally means " controlling, monitoring. Tracking, and altering, if required, public conduct ".
Comparative Police System. This refers to the science and art of investigating an comparing the police system of nations, which covers the study of their police organizations, trainings and methods of policing.
How to compare?
- Safari Method 2. Collaborative Method
Theories of Police Service
- Continental theory - police officers considered as servants of higher authorities.
- Home rule theory - police officers are called civil servants.
Concept of Police Service
- Old police service
- Modern police service
Comparative Criminal Justice. This pertains to the sub-field of criminal justice in terms of structure, goals, punishment and
emphasis on rights as well as history, and political structure of different systems.
The criminal justice process involves the following stages:
- Investigation
- Search warrant
- Interrogation
- Arrest
- Complaint/information/indictment
- Arraignment
- Bail
- Plea negotiations
- Trial
B. Types of Criminal Justice System in the World
- Common Law System. It is characterized by strong adversarial procedures and reliefs upon oral evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point.
- Civil Law System. This system exists throughout European countries. It is Characterized by a strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.
- Socialist System. This system can be characterized by procedures designed to rehabilitate or retrain people into fulfilling their responsibilities to the state.
- Islamic System. In this system, procedures and practices in the administration of justice are derive from the interpretation of the Holy Qur'an.
C. Classification of Police Operational Styles
Comparative Models in Policing I
Course: obligation and contracts
University: University of Cagayan Valley
