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Science Grade 7 Q2

SCIENCE MODULE FOR GRADE 7 SECOND QUARTER

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BSE Science

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University of Caloocan City

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Science

Quarter 2

Livings Things and

Their Environment

7

Science – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Living Things and Their Environment

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City Telefax: (02) 292 – 3247 E-mail Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov

Development Team of the Module Writers: Shylla Rose U. Laguador, Florencio A. Quimpo Jr., Apple L. Licuanan, Gerald S. Alzate, Maria Carolina A. Madrigalejos, Holiday G. Jinggo

Editors: Ma. Suzette S. Falcunitin, Hernanie B. Nacario, Noemi R. Mantos Lilia H. Jaime Reviewers: Ritchel G. Galo, Emily L. Gabriel, Marivic T. Pangan

Layout Artist: Gerald S. Alzate, Raphael A. Lopez

Management Team: Meliton P. Zurbano, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent (OIC-SDS) Filmore A. Caballero, CID Chief Jean A. Tropel, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS Dr. Maria Lea Q. Prondo, EPS Science

D. The specimen under microscopic study appears enlarged as it is projected to the naked eye.

Lesson

1 Microscopy

From the time that microscope was discovered until the present, human beings can observe even minute details which were previously unknown. Tiny particles and structures have been enlarged fifty to one hundred times of their original sizes. Through the invention of microscope, the fields of science and medicine take most of the benefits. Over the years, new microscopy techniques in studying cells and other organisms have been widely used. Biological researches are carried out successfully with the use of microscopes to study the objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

What’s New

Microscopes are laboratory instruments that intend to magnify the image of tiny particles such as microorganisms and their compositions. Scientists commonly utilize compound light microscopes which depend on a light source. Under such condition, visible light passes through the specimen to be observed through the glass lenses. The lenses bend the light in such a way that the specimen appears enlarged as it is projected to our naked eye. The structure of a specimen becomes observable because some of their parts reflect light.

What is It

Directions: Study the illustration shown below. Label the parts of a microscope.

What’s More

Directions: Use the graphic organizer below to group the parts of the microscope into their respective classifications.

What I Can Do

Directions: Read the bible verse below and reflect about its message.

Guided Question: In your opinion and belief, how can you relate the scripture with the lesson about parts and functions of a microscope?

MECHANICAL

PARTS

ILLUMINATING

PARTS

MAGNIFYING

PARTS

supports and controls the movements

regulates the brightness of light

enlarges the specimen under study

1 Corinthians 12:12 “The body is a unit, though it is made up of many parts; and though all its parts are many, they form one body...”

Which of the following shows letter “e” seen under the microscope? A. B. C. D.
It is a technique of applying a drop of water over the specimen to make it more visible. A. Staining C. Fixation B. Wet mount D. Dry mount

Lesson

2 Focusing Specimen on the

Microscope

In your previous class, you found out that microscope consists of several parts. The question is why do we see very small objects under the microscope? What is the difference between magnification and resolution? How can we focus the specimen using the microscope?

What’s New

Microscope is a tool used by the scientists to observe objects too small to be seen by our naked eye. It has two properties – Magnifying Power or Magnification and Resolving Power or Resolution. Magnification allows us to view small objects to look bigger. In compound microscope, the object can be magnified several times that even very small objects can still be examined. It also applies to some tools like the smart phone by zooming the image or using magnifying glass and eyeglasses. As the magnification of the image increases, its light intensity decreases which makes the image appear blurry and dimmer. Resolution is the ability to distinguish the distance between two points of a specimen that allows us to know the details of an object. Microscope has two magnifying parts – the eyepiece and the objectives. To solve for the total magnification of the specimen, we simply multiply the magnification of the eyepiece lens to magnification of the objective lens. Hence,

Eyepiece Lens x Objective Lens = Total Magnification

The image formed in the microscope is bigger and inverted. The image appears bigger because of the total magnification between the eyepiece lens and objective lenses. The image also appears inverted since two lenses are used in the compound microscope and the curvature of the objective lens makes the image look upside-down.

What is It

To focus the specimen on the microscope, we follow these steps so that we can examine the specimen clearly.

Turn the revolving nosepiece into the lowest power objective lens. The low power objective is the shortest one. Also move the coarse adjustment knob while observing the distance between the slide and the low power objective.
Place the slide with the specimen on the stage and fasten it with the stage clip.
Turn on the mirror/illuminator and adjust the condenser to observe the specimen with enough light.
Observe the specimen in the eyepiece.
Adjust again the coarse adjustment knob and fine adjustment knob for the final focus.

5x 30x 7x 63x 10x 45x 5x 80x

Activity 3: That’s an Order!

Objective: Arrange the steps on focusing specimen on the microscope Directions: Write numbers 1 to 6 on the space provided to show the sequence on focusing specimen on the microscope

Adjust again the coarse adjustment knob and fine adjustment knob for the final focus. Place the slide with the specimen in the stage and fasten it with the stage clip. When the specimen is already visible and clear, you can change the low power objective to high power objective to view the specimen in different magnification. Turn the revolving nosepiece into the lowest power objective lens. The low power objective is the shortest one. Turn on the mirror/illuminator and adjust the condenser to observe the specimen with enough light. Look the specimen in the eyepiece.

Guided Questions: 1. Why do we need to follow the proper way of focusing specimen on the microscope? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. What will happen if you don’t turn the mirror on to the specimen under the microscope? ___________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Directions: Answer the following questions.

In what instances can we use a microscope?
How can we prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus in our communities?

Assessment

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer. _____1. Which of the following refers to the ability of the microscope to distinguish the distance between the two points of the specimen? A. resolution B. magnification C. par focal D. revolution _____2. Which of the following refers to the ability of microscope to make small objects appear bigger? A. magnification B. resolution C. par focal D. revolution

_____3. Which of the following shows letter “e” seen under the microscope? A. B. C. D. _____4. What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification of 6x and the other lens has a magnification of 10x? A. 10x B. 30x C. 60x D. 300x _____5. It is a technique of applying a drop of water over the specimen to make it more visible. A. staining B. wet mount C. dry mount D. fixation

What I Need to Know

Living things possess characteristics that enable them to survive in their environment. They can move, breathe, metabolize, adapt to changes and respond to it, and produce their own kind. Living things are also made up of different structures that are organized together to help living things to survive.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: Describe the different levels of biological organization from cell to biosphere. (S7LT IIc-3)

What I Know

Directions: Choose your answer from the words inside the box. cell tissue organ system organism organ

_________________1. Group of cells _________________2. Group of organs _________________3. Group of tissues

What is It

Living things are made up small structures called cell. Cell is the basic unit of life and present on all living things. These cells are made up also of parts and can perform specific function. There are some special types of cells in our body that perform specific functions such as nerve cells (neurons) in our brain, nephrons or the cell of our kidney and the blood cells that transport nutrients in our body. Tissue is made up of cells that work together to perform specific functions. There are also four types of tissues in our body – epithelial, connective, nervous, and cardiac tissues. Epithelial tissues are responsible for the protection of our body such as the skin and can also be found in the linings of our internal organs such as the stomach and bladder. Connective tissues are used for structural support like the blood and bones. Cardiac tissues are specialized tissues that make up our heart for pumping blood and Nervous tissue which is the main component of our brain that controls our body.

Heart Kidney Bones

Organ is a group of tissues working together that also perform specific function (examples of organs are heart, brain, and liver). Heart is an example of an organ of the circulatory system that is responsible for the pumping of blood and nutrients to the different parts of the body. The kidney is an organ of the excretory system that is responsible for eliminating wastes in our body that is no longer needed. Our bones which is the organ of the skeletal system helps us by giving us strength and framework. When similar organs are grouped together, they form an Organ System. Digestive, circulatory and skeletal are some examples of organ systems of our body. When organ systems are grouped together, it will be called as Organism which carries all the basic life processes.

When similar organisms are grouped together in a certain place at the same time, they are called as Population. Example of it is the population of mango trees or herd of cows in a farm. Community refers to the group of different living things in a certain place at the same time. Examples are the community of tigers and lions in the jungle or the flowers and bees in the garden. When living things interact together with the non-living, they are called as Ecosystem. Example of it are the forest and marine ecosystem. Biosphere is the largest level and the most inclusive which consists of all the life on Earth and the non-living that supports life.

Organism Population Community Ecosystem Bones

If the tissues, organs, and organ systems were injured or diseased, what do you think will happen to the organism? ___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: It’s a Match!

Directions: Complete the table by connecting the cells with their corresponding tissue, organ, and organ system. Use the words from the box.

Type of Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Epithelial Cell Nerve Cell Cardiac Cell Bone Cell

What I Can Do

During this time of pandemic, we need to protect our body and strengthen our immune system. What are the ways that we can do at home to make our system fit and healthy?

Assessment

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer. _____1. Which of the following refers to the lowest level of biological organization and the basic unit of life? A. cell B. tissue C. organ D. organ system _____2. Which of the following levels of organization in an organism is arranged from lowest to highest level? A. Cell, Organ System, Tissue, Organ B. Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System C. Organ, Organ System, Tissue, Cell D. Organ System, Organ, Cell, Tissue

Nervous Tissue Bones Epithelial Tissue Nervous System Brain Stomach Connective Tissue Cardiac Tissue Circulatory System Digestive System Skeletal System Heart

_____3. What level includes the living things and the non-living things that interact to each other? A. population C. ecosystem B. community D. biosphere _____4. In which level of biological organization do digestive, circulatory, and respiratory are included? A. cell B. tissue C. organ D. organ system _____5. Which of the following is NOT considered as organism? A. water B. plants C. human D. animals

What I Need to Know

Life comes from life. Have you ever wondered what your body are made up of? Or how your body maintains, adapts, and changes through time? In this module you are going to learn the “unseen workers” within your body that work hard for you to enjoy life to the fullest. Enjoy reading the module and have fun in answering all the activities prepared for you.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: Differentiate the parts of plant and animal cells according to presence or absence of organelles. (S7LT-IIc-3)

What I Know

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. It holds the genetic information (DNA) of the cell. It controls all cell activities. A. lysosome C. nucleus B. mitochondria D. ribosome 2. This is considered as the food producer for the plant cell. A. nucleus C. cytoplasm B. chloroplast D. cell membrane 3. It acts as the digestive system which helps breakdown the old parts of the cell and eliminates toxic waste inside the cell. A. ribosome C. mitochondria B. lysosome D. endoplasmic reticulum 4. It monitors and controls the entrance and exit of any substances inside the cell. A. vacuole C. chloroplast B. ribosome D. cell membrane 5. It creates proteins and can float within the cytoplasm or can be attached to an organelle. A. ribosome C. nucleus B. cytoplasm D. mitochondria

Diagram of a Typical Plant Cell

Both plant and animal cells have vacuoles. A plant cell contains a large, singular vacuole that is used for storage and maintaining the shape of the cell. In contrast, animal cells have many and smaller vacuoles. Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as cell membrane. In plants, the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane. This gives the plant cell its unique rectangular shape. Animal cell simply have a cell membrane, and no cell wall.

Organelle Function Cell Membrane A double layer that supports and protects the cell. Allows and control the entrance and exit of different materials in and out of the cell. Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles and invaders. Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles. Nucleus The control center of the cell. Contains the DNA Nuclear Membrane

Surrounds the nucleus.

Nucleolus A round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes. Vacuole Stores food and water. Golgi Body Processes and packages materials for the cell Mitochondria The “Powerhouse” of the cell. Breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP. Rough E. (endoplasmic reticulum)

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Has ribosomes on it.

Smooth E. (endoplasmic reticulum)

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Does not have ribosomes.

Ribosome Helps make protein for the cell.

What’s More

Directions: Compare and contrast plant and animal cells using the Venn diagram.

What I Can Do

Directions: Answer briefly. What makes animal and plant cells essential for life? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Directions: Study the structure of plant and animal cells, then label the diagrams below. Choose the answers in the word bank.

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

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