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ACC 156 SAS 3 - concept notes and activities with answer keys

concept notes and activities with answer keys
Course

Accounting (ACC 156)

180 Documents
Students shared 180 documents in this course
Academic year: 2023/2024
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University of Iloilo - PHINMA

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Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________

Class number: _______

Date: ________________

Lesson title: Basic Components of Computer Systems Lesson Targets: At the end of this module, I should be able to: 1. Describe the Underlying Structure of Computer System 2. Understand the components of computer system

Materials: SAS References: Management Information Systems Managing Information Technology, Seventh Edition by Carol V. Brown, Daniel W. DeHayes, Jeffrey A. Hoffer, E. Wainright Martin, William C. Perkins

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

Introduction GREAT! Are you excited for our new topic for today? Let’s have a review with our previous lesson. Which is a cleaner room, a surgery room or a CPU making room? ANSWER:

B. MAIN LESSON

Content Notes BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS For historical completeness, we should note that there are really two distinct types of computers: digital and analog. Digital computers operate directly on numbers, or digits, just as humans do. Analog computers manipulate some analogous physical quantity, such as voltage or shaft rotation speed, which represents the numbers involved in the computation. Analog computers have been most useful in engineering and process control environments, but digital machines have largely replaced them even in these situations.

Underlying Structure Today’s computers vary greatly in size, speed, and details of their operation—from handheld microcomputers costing around $100 to supercomputers with price tags of more than $ million. Fortunately for our understanding, all these machines have essentially the same basic logical structure (as represented in Figure 2). All computers, whether they are microcomputers from Dell or mainframes from IBM, are made up of the same set of six building blocks: input, output, memory,

Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________

Class number: _______

Date: ________________

arithmetic/logical unit, control unit, and files. Our discussion of how computers work will focus on these six blocks and their interrelationships. In addition to the blocks themselves, Figure 2 also includes two types of arrows. The broad arrows represent the flows of data through the computer system, and the thin arrows indicate that each of the other components is controlled by the control unit. A dashed line encircles the control unit and the arithmetic/logical unit. These two blocks together are often referred to as the central processing unit, or CPU, or as the processor.

Input/Output To use a computer, we must have some means of entering data into the computer. There are a wide variety of input devices, and we will mention only the commonly used types. The input devices that you mostly use are keyboard and mouse. Voice input to computers is another input option, although the accuracy of speech recognition software is still less than perfect, with the best packages achieving recognition accuracy in the 95 to 99 percent range. Just as we must have a way of entering data into the computer, the computer must have a way of producing results in a usable form. The dominant form of output, is the printed report using printers. Some common examples of computer output devices are monitor, printer, and projector. To summarize, the particular input and output devices attached to a given computer will vary based on the uses of the computer. Every computer system will have at least one input device and at least one output device. Computers keyboards, mouse, video display units, and printers, the most common input/output devices.

Computer Memory At the heart of the diagram of Figure 2 is the memory, also referred to as main memory or primary memory. All data flows are to and from memory. Data from input devices always go into memory; output devices always receive their data from memory; two-way data flows exist between files and memory and also between the arithmetic/logical unit and memory; and a special type of data flows from memory to the control unit to tell the control unit what to do next. In some respects, the computer memory is like human memory. Both computers and humans store data in memory in order to remember it or use it later. However, the way in which data are stored and recalled differs radically between computer memory and human memory. Computer memory is divided into cells, and a fixed amount of data can be stored in each cell. Further, each memory cell has an identifying number, called an address, which never changes. A very early microcomputer, for example, might have 65,536 memory cells, each capable of storing one character of data at a time. These cells have unchanging addresses varying from 0 for the first cell up to 65,535 for the last cell. A useful analogy is to compare computer memory to a wall of post office boxes. Each box has its own sequential identifying number printed on the box’s door, and these numbers correspond to the addresses associated with memory cells. The contents of the memory cells will change as the computer works, while the addresses of the cells are fixed. Computer memory is different from the post office boxes in several ways, of course. For one thing, computer memory operates on the principle of “destructive read-in, nondestructive read-

Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________

Class number: _______

Date: ________________

of operations to be performed. This list of operations, which is called a program, is stored in the memory of the computer just like data. One item at a time from this list is moved from memory to the control unit (note the broad arrow in Figure 2), interpreted by the control unit, and carried out. The control unit works through the entire list of operations at electronic speed, rather than waiting for the user to tell it what to do next. What we have just described is the stored-program concept, which is the most important idea in all of computing.

Skill-building Activities Identified what is being ask, write your answer on the line provided before each number. _____________ 1. General term for devices uses in entering data into the computer. _____________ 2. Memory cell has an identifying number, called ______________. _____________ 3. It operates on the principle of “destructive read-in, nondestructive read-out.” _____________ 4. A nonvolatile medium to access data within the computer system. _____________ 5. Very expensive type of computers that cost millions.

Check for Understanding Identify if it is an input, output, storage, memory or logical unit of computer. Put check on each column for your answer. # Input Output Storage Memory Logical Unit 1 CPU 2 RAM 3 Flash drive 4 Monitor 5 Printer 6 DVD 7 Mouse 8 Microphone 9 Camera 10 Speaker

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

FAQs: 1.) What are input devices? Answer: In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.

2.) What are output devices? Answer: An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human readable form. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. Some of the output

Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________

Class number: _______

Date: ________________

devices are Visual Display Units i., a Monitor, Printer graphic Output devices, Plotters, Speakers etc.

Did you know? Microphones are input devices because they input information into a computer. Note that the mic signal must be converted into digital data before it can be sent to and used by a computer.

Thinking about Learning Mark the place in the work tracker which is simply a visual to help you track how much work you haveaccomplished and how much work there is left to do. This tracker will be part of your activity sheet.

To develop habits on thinking about learning, answer the questions below about your learningexperience.

Three things you learned:

Two things that you’d like to learn more about:

One question you still have:

KEY TO CORRECTIONS Skill-building Activities 1. Input devices are used in entering data into the computer. 2. Memory cell has an identifying number called Address. 3. Computer memory operates on the principle of “destructive read-in, nondestructive read-out.” 4. Storage Devices are nonvolatile medium to access data within the computer system. 5. Supercomputers are very expensive type of computers that cost millions.

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ACC 156 SAS 3 - concept notes and activities with answer keys

Course: Accounting (ACC 156)

180 Documents
Students shared 180 documents in this course

University: University of Iloilo - PHINMA

Was this document helpful?
ACC 156: Managing Information and Technology
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________
Class number: _______
Date: ________________
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION
Lesson title: Basic Components of Computer Systems
Lesson Targets:
At the end of this module, I should be able to:
1. Describe the Underlying Structure of Computer System
2. Understand the components of computer system
Materials:
SAS
References:
Management Information Systems
Managing Information Technology, Seventh Edition
by Carol V. Brown, Daniel W. DeHayes, Jeffrey A.
Hoffer, E. Wainright Martin, William C. Perkins
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction
GREAT! Are you excited for our new topic for today? Let’s have a review with our previous lesson.
Which is a cleaner room, a surgery room or a CPU making room?
ANSWER:
B. MAIN LESSON
Content Notes
BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
For historical completeness, we should note that there are really two distinct types of computers:
digital and analog. Digital computers operate directly on numbers, or digits, just as humans do.
Analog computers manipulate some analogous physical quantity, such as voltage or shaft rotation
speed, which represents the numbers involved in the computation. Analog computers have been most
useful in engineering and process control
environments, but digital machines have largely
replaced them even in these situations.
Underlying Structure
Today’s computers vary greatly in size, speed,
and details of their operation—from handheld
microcomputers costing around $100 to
supercomputers with price tags of more than $50
million. Fortunately for our understanding, all these
machines have essentially the same basic logical
structure (as represented in Figure 2.1). All computers,
whether they are microcomputers from Dell or
mainframes from IBM, are made up of the same set of
six building blocks: input, output, memory,

Students also viewed

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