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190928101 ASTM E1732 1 EN ᴾᴼᴼᴮᴸᴵᶜᴽ
Accounting
University of Manila
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Designation: E 1732 96a AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 4. Terminology 4 Definitions: 1. Scope 1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in the forensic sciences. Legal or scientific terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included. 1 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of last review or revision is appended. 1 Definitions identical to those published another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM for example, ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineering 1 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are identified with an abbreviation accelerant, material used to initiate or promote the spread of a fire. The most common accelerants are flammable or combustible liquids. Whether a substance is an accelerant depends not on its chemical structure but on its use (source: IAAI Forensic Science Committee, Glossary of Terms Related to Chemical and Instrumental Analysis of Fire Debris6) (use: Test Method E 1387) CRIM. associative evidence, evidence which tends to link a person, place, or thing with another person, place, or thing. class, group, set, or kind marked common attributes or a common attribute (source: Unabridged Dictionary, 1967) (use: Test Method E 1387) CRIM. class characteristic(s), attribute(s) that establish membership in a class. classification, systematic arrangement of persons or objects into categories (groups or classes) based on shared traits or characteristics (source: Osterburg and Ward, Criminal Investigation, 1992, p. 835) (use: Test Method E 1387). comparison sample, debris) 1) a sample of material collected from a fire scene which is, to the best of the knowledge, identical in every respect to a sample suspected of containing ignitable substance, but which does not contain ignitable substance. 2) a sample of suspected ignitable substance submitted for the purpose of comparing with any ignitable substance separated from a debris sample. (see control sample) control, of established origin that is used to evaluate the performance of a test or comparison. criminalistics, brance of forensic science concerned with the examination and interpretation of physical evidence, for the purpose of aiding forensic investigation. known, established origin associated with the matter under investigation. questioned, with the matter under investigation about which there is some question, including, but not limited to, whether the questioned and known items have a common origin. standard, of established origin with certified properties. exemplar, specimen of physical evidence of known 2. Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards: E 1387 Test Method for Flammable or Combustible Liquid Residues in Extracts from Samples of Fire Debris Gas Chromatography4 E 1422 Guide for Test Methods for Forensic Writing Ink Comparison4 E 1610 Guide for Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison5 3. Significance and Use 3 These terms have particular application to the forensic sciences. In addition, a hierarchy of sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Websters New Collegiate 7th technical and the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions The subcommittee developed a suitable definition after all of the sources in the hierarchy were found wanting. 1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30 on Terminology. Current edition approved March 10 and May 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally published as E 1732 95. Last previous edition E 1732 95. 2 Any definition that is unsourced has been developed ASTM Subcommittee E30. 3 Abbreviations are as follows: CRIM 5 criminalistics, QD 5 questioned documents, ENGR 5 engineering, TOX 5 toxicology, PB 5 ANTH 5 anthropology, and ODEN 5 odentology. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14. 5 Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions, 7th Ed., ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1990. 6 Available from International Association of Arson Investigators, 5428 Del Maria Way, 201, P. O. Box Louisvile, KY 40291. 1 E 1732 origin (source: Osterburg and Ward, Criminal Investigation, 1992, p. 837). party in interest, the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions). The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. 2
190928101 ASTM E1732 1 EN ᴾᴼᴼᴮᴸᴵᶜᴽ
Course: Accounting
University: University of Manila
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