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Cultural Concepts, Modes of Acquiring Culture, Functions of Culture

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BSED Social Studies

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Academic year: 2023/2024
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CULTURAL CONCEPTS

Here are some useful cultural concepts in studying society:

  1. Ethnocentrism - It is a feeling that one’s own particular way of life is superior and right and that all other cultures are inferior and defective. This kind of feeling tends to judge other cultures in terms of the values and norms of one’s own culture. In this sense, ethnocentrism gives rise to the erroneous concept of perfunctorily regarding one’s culture as superior and right in comparison with other cultures.
  2. Xenocentrism - It is the belief that what is foreign is best in terms of one’s lifestyle, products, or ideas.
  3. Temporocentrism - It is the belief that one’s own time is more important than that of the past or future.
  4. Cultural Relativism - It is the opposite of ethnocentrism. This concept refers to the notion that each culture should be evaluated according to its own merits and standards rather than from the standpoint or bases of a different culture. In other words, norms, values, and beliefs should be judged only from the viewpoint of the culture where they belong.
  5. Subculture - It is a group or category within a society that shares in the general culture but maintains distinctive ways of thinking, acting, and feeling. This kind of group is usually found in a big and complex society.
  6. Counter-culture - It is a subculture that has values and norms that sharply contradict those of the larger society.
  7. Cultural Universal - This refers to common cultural elements that are found within all known societies. They include norms, laws, language, beliefs and values.
  8. Culture Lag - It is the inability of a given society to adapt immediately to another culture as a result of the disparity in the rate of the change between the material and non-material elements of culture.
  9. Culture Shock - It is the experience of disorientation and frustration that occurs when individuals find themselves among those who do not share their fundamental premises.
  10. Cultural Integration - It is concerned with adoption of a mass consumer culture where everything from fashion to sport, music to television, becomes integrated into the national culture, often without challenge.

MODES OF ACQUIRING CULTURE

Some ways of acquiring culture (Garcia et al., 1984) are as follows:

  1. Imitation - It is a human action by which one tends to duplicate more or less exactly the behavior of others.
  2. Indoctrination - This takes the form of formal teaching or training which may happen anywhere. The formal teaching takes into account the cultural components of society where the learning individual lives.
  3. Conditioning - Through norms prevailing in one’s social and cultural millieu, and through the process of conditioning, the individual acquires certain patterns of beliefs, values, behaviors and actions. This process is further reinforced by a system of reward and punishment practiced in the cultural environment.
  4. Acculturation - It is a process by which societies with different cultures are modified through fairly close and long continued contact.
  5. Amalgamation - It is the intermarriage of persons coming from different cultural groups resulting in some kind of biological fustion.

FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE

  1. Culture helps people adapt to the demands of the surrounding physical environment.
  2. Culture compensates for many human physical limitations.
  3. Culture provides ways and means to regulate human collective existence.
  4. Culture prescribes behavioral patterns.

Reference: Society and Culture with Family Planning (A Modular Approach) by Roman D. Leano, Jr. and Ronald M. Corpuz

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Cultural Concepts, Modes of Acquiring Culture, Functions of Culture

Course: BSED Social Studies

36 Documents
Students shared 36 documents in this course

University: University of San Agustin

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CULTURAL CONCEPTS
Here are some useful cultural concepts in studying society:
1. Ethnocentrism - It is a feeling that one’s own particular way of life is superior and right
and that all other cultures are inferior and defective. This kind of feeling tends to judge other
cultures in terms of the values and norms of one’s own culture. In this sense, ethnocentrism
gives rise to the erroneous concept of perfunctorily regarding one’s culture as superior and
right in comparison with other cultures.
2. Xenocentrism - It is the belief that what is foreign is best in terms of one’s lifestyle,
products, or ideas.
3. Temporocentrism - It is the belief that one’s own time is more important than that of the
past or future.
4. Cultural Relativism - It is the opposite of ethnocentrism. This concept refers to the notion
that each culture should be evaluated according to its own merits and standards rather than
from the standpoint or bases of a different culture. In other words, norms, values, and beliefs
should be judged only from the viewpoint of the culture where they belong.
5. Subculture - It is a group or category within a society that shares in the general culture
but maintains distinctive ways of thinking, acting, and feeling. This kind of group is usually
found in a big and complex society.
6. Counter-culture - It is a subculture that has values and norms that sharply contradict
those of the larger society.
7. Cultural Universal - This refers to common cultural elements that are found within all
known societies. They include norms, laws, language, beliefs and values.
8. Culture Lag - It is the inability of a given society to adapt immediately to another culture
as a result of the disparity in the rate of the change between the material and non-material
elements of culture.
9. Culture Shock - It is the experience of disorientation and frustration that occurs when
individuals find themselves among those who do not share their fundamental premises.
10. Cultural Integration - It is concerned with adoption of a mass consumer culture where
everything from fashion to sport, music to television, becomes integrated into the national
culture, often without challenge.
MODES OF ACQUIRING CULTURE
Some ways of acquiring culture (Garcia et al., 1984) are as follows:
1. Imitation - It is a human action by which one tends to duplicate more or less exactly the
behavior of others.
2. Indoctrination - This takes the form of formal teaching or training which may happen
anywhere. The formal teaching takes into account the cultural components of society where
the learning individual lives.
3. Conditioning - Through norms prevailing in one’s social and cultural millieu, and through
the process of conditioning, the individual acquires certain patterns of beliefs, values,
behaviors and actions. This process is further reinforced by a system of reward and
punishment practiced in the cultural environment.
4. Acculturation - It is a process by which societies with different cultures are modified
through fairly close and long continued contact.
5. Amalgamation - It is the intermarriage of persons coming from different cultural groups
resulting in some kind of biological fustion.
FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
1. Culture helps people adapt to the demands of the surrounding physical environment.
2. Culture compensates for many human physical limitations.
3. Culture provides ways and means to regulate human collective existence.
4. Culture prescribes behavioral patterns.
Reference:
Society and Culture with Family Planning (A Modular Approach) by Roman D. Leano, Jr. and Ronald M. Corpuz

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