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Io chap 2 - notes
Industrial Psychology
University of San Carlos
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- Globalization - The internationalization of business activities -The shift toward an integrated global economy
- Advances in communica- tion and transportation -Growth by expansion into international markets -Control of labor, distribu- tion and distribution costs -In response to increased international competition Factors Increasing Globalization (4)
- individualism Exists to the extent that people in a culture define themselves primarily as individuals rather than as part of one or more groups or organizations
- Collectivism on the other hand, is characterized by tight social frameworks in which people tend to base their identities on the group or organization to which they belong.
- Power distance (orienta- tion to authority) extent to which people accept as normal an un- equal distribution of power
- Uncertainty avoidance (preference for stability) extent to which people feel threatened by un- known situations and prefer to be in clear and unambiguous situations.
- Masculinity (assertive- ness or materialism) The extent to which the dominant values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the ac- quisition of money and other possessions as opposed to concern for people, relationships among people, and overall quality of life
- long-term values include focusing on the future, working on pro- jects that have a distant payoff, persistence, and thrift
- short-term values
Study online at quizlet/_dmnoor are more oriented toward the past and the pre- sent and include respect for traditions and social obligations. 10. Diversity refers to the variety of observable and unobserv- able similarities and differences among people. 11. surface-level diversity observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical charac- teristics, and gender. 12. deep-level diversity refers to individual differences that cannot be seen directly, including goals, values, personal- ities, decision-making styles, knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes. 13. separation diversity Differences in position or opinion among group members reflecting disagreement or opposi- tion—dissimilarity in an attitude or value, for ex- ample, especially with regard to group goals or processes 14. Variety diversity differences in a certain type or category, includ- ing group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background 15. disparity diversity differences in the concentration of valuable so- cial assets or resources - dissimilarity in rank, pay, decision-making authority, or status 16. "like me" bias people prefer to associate with others they per- ceive to be like themselves 17. Stereotypes A belief about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in a particular group will behave the same way or have the same characteristics. 18. Prejudice Outright bigotry or intolerance for other groups
Study online at quizlet/_dmnoor 25. Culture the set of shared values, often taken for grant- ed, that help people in a group, organization, or society understand which actions are acceptable and not. 26. Global Perspective a willingness to be open to and learn from the al- ternative systems and meanings of other people and cultures, and a capacity to avoid assuming that people from everywhere are the same 27. Technology refers to the methods used to create products, including both physical goods and intangible ser- vices. 28. Manufacturing is a form of business that combines and trans- forms resources into tangible outcomes that are then sold to others 29. service organization is one that transforms resources into an intangi- ble output and creates time or place utility for its customers 30. Ethics A person's beliefs regarding what is right or wrong in a given situation 31. Corporate Governance Refers to the oversight of a public corporation by its board of directors 32. Corporate Social Respon- sibility Businesses living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity 33. Assimilation - The process through which members of a mi- nority group are forced to learn the ways of the majority group 34. - Homogeneity reduces awareness of diversity is- sues Assimilation Effects
Study online at quizlet/_dmnoor -Perpetuation of false stereotypes and preju- dices -Dominant groups con- tinue to make decisions based on their own values and beliefs -Minority groups have lit- tle say in decision-making 35. Governance Issues - Proper management of the business in the best interests of the stakeholders -Independence of the board from the business 36. Information Technology Issues
- Individual rights to personal information privacy -Abuse of information technology
- Management of Knowl- edge Workers employees who add value in an organization simply because of what they know
- Knowledge Worker Em- ployment Issues
- Unique working arrangements and perfor- mance motivation requirements
- Specifically (individually) tailored compensa- tion packages
- Outsourcing - The practice of hiring other firms to do work previously performed by the organization itself
- Helps firms to focus on core activities -Lowers labor costs through exportation of work Advantages of Outsourcing
- Disaffected employees: out-of-job workers are used train the newly-hired for- Disadvantage of Outsourcing
Io chap 2 - notes
Course: Industrial Psychology
University: University of San Carlos
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