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CW Q1 Mod3 - Module
Industrial Engineering (ERGO1)
University of the Assumption
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Creative Writing
Module 3
Applying Various Elements,
Techniques, and Literary Devices
in Poetry
AIRs - LM
Senior High School
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CREATIVE WRITING
Module 3: Applying Various Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices in Poetry Second Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners.
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Development Team of the Module
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in
each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.
Thank you.
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It is a great way to think that after studying and working on all activities in this
module, you will be able to:
Write a short poem applying the various elements, techniques, and literary devices (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f-10)
Target
This learning material, Reading and Writing Poetry is meant to be used by senior high school students to encourage them to appreciate and understand the poem 's thought and imagination, as well as through their interest in writing the poem's rhythm and style, and in training the students' emotions, feelings and imagination. The learning material aims to help the learners write a short poem applying the various elements, techniques, and literary devices.
Note to the Teacher This SLM is strategically designed for independent learning. However, as the teacher or facilitator of learning, you are highly encouraged to engage with your learners as they go along. Some learners may find the activities difficult and would require you to explain instructions and lesson contents for them to be able to understand and successfully finish the module. Your support in the success of teaching-learning is very important.
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- New poetries involve the following: A. poetries of romantic modern love B. poetries of technical and aesthetic innovation C. poetries of technology and commerce as theme D. poetries of free verse and wide varieties of theme
- Which of the following does NOT show cliché? A. blind as bat B. lips smile like a bow C. hardworking as carabao D. quick as a venomous snake
- Which of the following is taken as if it is ordinary? A. Their robot dog has been fed since early in the morning. B. People walk along the bridge everyday C. They used their time machine to view the past. D. Because of the traffic, their car flies away to the sky.
WRITING POETRY
Beginning with the modernist aesthetic revolution, poetry has continuously shown a stubborn resolve to respond to social, political and cultural shifts and crises with technical innovation. Such innovativeness speaks of the resilience of poetry, as genre, as it refuses to succumb to various announcements of its death or cultural irrelevance.
Tips on How To Write Poetry Writing poems may sometimes be too expressive. There are times also that you need to consider certain rules which makes it sound too technical. With this, you as a writer need to communicate well with your reader. Below are some of the innovative techniques on writing poetry:
- Know your goal. If you don’t know where you’re going, how can you get there? You need to know what you are trying to accomplish before you begin any project. Writing a poem is no exception.
- Avoid clichés. A work full of clichés is like a plate of old food: unappetizing. Clichés dull meaning. Because clichéd writing sounds so familiar, people can complete finish whole lines without even reading them.
- Avoid Sentimentality. When readers have the feeling that emotions like rage or indignation have been pushed artificially for their own sake, they will not take the poem seriously.
- Use images. Poetry should stimulate six senses: Sight, Hearing, Smell, Touch, Taste, and Motion
- Use Metaphor and Simile. Use metaphor and simile to bring imagery and concrete words into your writing.
- Use concrete words instead of abstract words. Concrete words describe things that people experience with their senses like orange, warm, cat and others. Abstract words refer to concepts or feelings like liberty, happy, love and the likes.
- Communicate Theme. Poetry has a theme. Theme is not just a topic, but an idea with an opinion. This also sows what the poet thinks about a given event. The
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poet must strive to show the reader his/her theme during the entire poem, making use of literary techniques. 8. Subvert the ordinary. Poets’ strength is the ability to see what other people see every day in a new way. You don’t have to be special or a literary genius to write good poems–all you have to do is take an ordinary object, place, person, or idea, and come up with a new perception of it. 9. Rhyme with extreme caution. Rhyme and meter (the pattern of stressed and unstressed words) can be dangerous if used the wrong way. Remember sing-song nursery rhymes? If you choose a rhyme scheme that makes your poem sound sing-song, it will detract from the quality of your poem. 10. Revise, revise, revise. The first completed draft of your poem is only the beginning. Poets often go through several drafts of a poem before considering the work “done.” 11. Tricks with language. Repeating a word or phrase to emphasize its importance/ create a regular rhythm. 12. Use personification. Describe an object/idea as though it were alive. Giving it human qualities. 13. Use the idea of “contrast”. The poets place 2 very different things side by side to emphasize something important towards the subject. 14. Use symbolism. It is a word that becomes a sign of something other than simply itself. This is a powerful device because it encourages the reader to read deeper layers of meaning into the poem. 15. Ambiguity. This is where words/ sentences have more than one meaning/ are open to numerous interpretations.
CONVENTIONAL, FREE VERSE AND EXPERIMENTAL POETRY
1. CONVENTIONAL POETRY
Conventional poetry is often called the “traditional poetry”. This follows certain format like the usage of meter, which is a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that forms a beat like in music. It often uses rhyme as well.
Forms of Conventional Poetry
The forms of conventional poetry are different in format, rhyme scheme and subject matter. We will focus on the four (4) forms namely: Tanaga, Diona, Haiku and Sonnet. 1. Tanaga is an indigenous type of Filipino poem, which is used traditionally in the Tagalog language. This uses four (4) lines, each line having seven (7) syllables only. The art exemplifies teachings, idioms, feelings and ways of life. It contains many figures of speech. It is traditionally do not have any titles, however modern poet opt to give one. This is a kind of rhymed poem usually follows AABB or AAAA rhyme scheme. This poem follows a syllabic rhythmic pattern. Example
Source: google/amp/s/burubudoy.wordpress.com/2008/07/ /pinoy-haiku-tanaga-dalit-at diona/amp/
“Palay” by Ildefonso Santos
Palay siyang matino, Nang humangi’y yumuko; Ngunit muling tumayo Nagkabunga ng ginto.
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Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare
(a) My Mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; (b) Coral is far more red than her lips' red; (a) If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; (b) If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. (c) I have seen roses damasked, red and white, (d) But no such roses see I in her cheeks; (c) And in some perfumes is there more delight (d) There in the breath that from my mistress reeks. (e) I love to hear her speak; yet well I know (f) That music hath a far more pleasing sound (e) I grant I never saw a goddess go; (f) My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground (g) Any yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare (g) As any she belied with false compare.
a rhythmic unit that includes an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. It has the rhythm bah-BAH, as in the words "about," or "predict," or "parade." Iambic pentameter is a line of poetry consisting of five iambs.
Example
Source: poetryfoundation
Table 1 The Common Rhythmic Units
2. FREE VERSE POETRY
Free verse is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm, and does not rhyme with fixed forms. Such poems are without rhythm and rhyme schemes, do not follow regular rhyme scheme rules, yet still provide artistic expression. In this way, the poet can give his own shape to a poem however he or she desires. However, it still allows poets to use alliteration, rhyme, cadences, and rhythms to get the effects that they consider are suitable for the piece. (literarydevices) Free verse poems have no regular meter or rhythm. They do not follow a proper rhyme scheme; these poems do not have any set rules. This type of poem is based on normal pauses and natural rhythmical phrases, as compared to the artificial constraints of normal poetry. Free verse makes use of line breaks to accent and break up the words. The line break may occur mid-clause, creating enjambment, a term that literally means 'to straddle'. Enjambment tends to increase the pace of the poem. Free verse is somewhat like prose written rich in imagery and broken up with line breaks.
Rhythmic Units
Description
Iamb Consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
Trochee Consists of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable Dactyl Consists of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
Anapest Consists of Two (2) unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable
Spondee Consists of two (2) successive syllables with strong stresses
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"The Raven" Edgar Allan Poe An excerpt from The Raven Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore— While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door— Only this and nothing more.”
“Jack” Maxine Kumin An excerpt from Jack That spring, in the bustle of grooming and riding and shoeing, I remember I let him go to a neighbor I thought was a friend, and the following fall she sold him down the river. I meant to but never did go looking for him, to buy him back...
Ecclesiastes King Solomon Ecclesiastes 4:4 “And I have seen how much effort and skillful work spring from rivalry between people; this too is futility, a chasing after the wind.
Here are some of the most common types according to Hood,2013:
- Narrative poem. The poet tells a story. Often, there is rising action, climax, and resolution, like a short story. The poet composes the narrative by using simile, metaphor, imagery, vivid description, line breaks, and so forth.
Example :
Source: poetryfoundation
2. Anecdote. The poet describes some incident or experience or event that is humorous or interesting, and ends the poem with some insight. Poets also use anecdotes to illustrate a truth.
Example :
Source: poetryfoundation
3. Meditative poem. The poet begins by describing a scene. This scene triggers a meditation in the mind of the poet. The poet then returns to the initial scene with better understanding or resolution. The poet composes the poem using line break, simile, metaphor, and so forth.
Example :
Source: poetryfoundation
4. Lyrical poem. A traditional form adopted by many modern/contemporary poets. The poet writes a poem expressing personal thoughts and feelings about an idea, person, experience. The poet uses imagery and description to create a mood. The poet also uses sound effects to make the poem sound lyrical, like music. These sound effects include alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, internal or end rhyme.
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Forms Of Experimental Text Poetry
- Typography (Concrete Poetry). Typography has been used for thousands of years to elucidate and expand upon the narrative of a literary text. Concrete poetry is one in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on. It is sometimes referred to as VISUAL POETRY, a term that has now developed a distinct meaning of its own. Concrete poetry relates more to the visual than to the verbal arts and there is a considerable overlap in the kind of product to which it refers. Historically, however, concrete poetry has developed from a long tradition of shaped poems in which the words are arranged in such a way as to depict their subject.
Example:
Source: poetryfoundation
- Prose Poetry. This is classified as genre-crossing or hybrid genre— a genre in fiction that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. Prose poetry is not written in verse and contains poetic attributes, such as rhythm and metaphors. It looks like prose which is written in paragraphs. It contains language play, such as repetition. In a prose poem, the writing is continuous and without line breaks. The piece may be of any length and may be divided into paragraphs. A single sentence or sentence fragment can be a prose poem, as can multiple paragraphs. The natural rhythm of thought can lead to rhythmical cadences in a prose poem. Internal rhyme and alliteration and repetition can be used. It lies between free verse and prose.
Example: 'I discovered a journal' (Gary Young)
'I discovered a journal in the children's ward, and read, I'm a mother, my little boy has cancer. Further on, a girl has written, this is my nineteenth operation. She says, sometimes it's easier to write than to talk, and I'm so afraid. She's offered me a page in the book. My son is sleeping in the room next door. This afternoon, I held my whole weight to his body while a doctor drove needles deep into his leg. My son screamed, Daddy, they're hurting me, don't let them hurt me, make them stop. I want to write, how brave you are, but I need a little courage of my own, so I write, forgive me, I know I let them hurt you, please don't worry. If I have to, I can do it again.' Source: digitalcommons.providence.edu
SWAN AND SHADOW
John Hollander
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- Performance Poetry. Spoken word is a performance art that is word based. It is an oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play and intonation and voice inflection. It covers poetry slams, poetry readings, and prose monologues.
Example: Mga Basang Unan Juan Miguel Severo
Excerpt from Mga Basang Unan “Noong iwan mo ako ng walang pasabi, o pangako ng pagbabalik, umiyak ako buong gabi. Umiyak ako nang sobrang tindi; kinailangan kong ibilad sa araw ang unan ko kinabukasan. “ Source: wattpad
Activity 1: Arrange the jumbled words in corresponding to the given statements in each item. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
- E R F E V R E E S This is a poetry that doesn’t follow metrical patterns or any rhyme scheme.
2**. Y R L C A L I O P E R Y T** This is one of the common types of free verse poetry which uses sound effects to make the poem sound lyrical, like music. 3. N J M E B A M N E T This term literally means 'to straddle'. It is used to increase the pace of the poem. 4. L G E Y E This is one of the common types of free verse used for lamentation. 5. A W T L H I W M T A N He is known as the father of free verse in English poetry.
Activity 2: State the following as True or False based on the reading of the forms of experimental poetry. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
- In a concrete poetry, the words are arranged in the form of its subject.
- Prose poetry is also known as visual poetry.
- Prose poetry has a combined elements of prose and poetry.
- A type of poetry that has blended elements of two literary genres is called Hybrid genre.
- Spoken word poetry is classified as performance poetry.
Activity 3: Based on the reading, complete the notes given.
- Experimental text poetry often breaks _________ writing rules.
- Concrete poetry relates more to the _________ than to the verbal arts.
- Prose poetry looks like prose which is written in __________.
- Performance poetry is an oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of __________ and intonation and voice inflection.
- Concrete poetry has developed from a long tradition of ________ poems.
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the meaning of the poem: sound devices, such as rhyme, alliteration, or onomatopoeia, are used effectively and contribute to the meaning of the poem. Word choice is vivid and exact throughout.
such as rhyme, alliteration, or onomatopoeia, are used effectively and contribute to the meaning of the poem. Most word choices are precise.
in the subject; sound devices, such as rhyme, alliteration, or onomatopoeia , may be overused, underused or they may fall to add to the meaning of the poem. Word choice may be vague, repetitive, or imprecise.
language or sound devices. Words may be misused or unclear
Grammar, Usage, Mechanics and Spelling
There are few or no errors in mechanics, usage, grammar, or spelling.
There are some errors in mechanics, usage, grammar, or spelling.
The poem is difficult to understand at times because of errors in mechanics, usage, grammar, or spelling.
The poem is consistently difficult to understand because of errors in mechanics, usage, grammar, or spelling. Source: washington.dbqschools
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
- Which among the following types of poetry follows a predictable pattern or conventional structure? A. Concrete B. Conventional C. Free Verse D. Hyperpoetry
- How many lines must a sonnet have? A. Four B. Fourteen C. Seven D. Ten
- This element of conventional poetry produces the beat of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse. A. Foot B. Rhyme C. Rhyme scheme D. Rhythmic pattern
- Sonnet follows iambic pentameter for its rhythmic pattern. What do we mean by iamb? A. Consists of two successive stressed syllables B. Consists of unstressed syllable followed by stressed syllable C. Consists of stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable D. Consists of stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables 5 among the following types of poetry is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm, and does not rhyme with fixed forms? A. Conventional B. Free verse C. Haiku D. Sonnet
Gauge
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- If you want to make a poem for your dead loved one, which among the following are you going to make? A. Elegy B. Lyrical poem C. Narrative poem D. Prose poem
- The poet of this poem uses sound effects to make the poem sound lyrical, like music. A. Elegy B. Image poem C. Lyrical poem D. Meditative poem
- Which among the following is not a part of the experimental text poetry? A. Elegy B. Performance poetry C. Prose poetry D. Typography
- Typographical arrangements of words is important in conveying the intended effect of a concrete poetry. The statement is ____. A. False B. Faulty C. Slightly correct D. True
- Which among the following best describes prose poetry? A. This is an oral art B. Arranged with shape C. It has no line breaks D. It focuses on the visual arts
- What should we use to bring imagery and concrete words into our writing? A. abstract words B. alliteration C. clichés D. metaphor/simile
- What is meant by subvert the ordinary? A. being special and extraordinary B. taking ordinary object, person or idea C. being able to understand others always D. coming up with a new perception of things
- This is using words or sentences with more than one meaning and are open to numerous interpretations. A. ambiguity B. revising C. symbolism D. using contrast
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Tanaga? A. follows a syllabic rhythmic patter B. uses four lines, each line having seven (7) syllables only C. it exemplifies teachings, idioms, feelings and ways of life D. a writer could choose to write about any subject that he would like to
- This is the reason why poets use anecdotes. A. to tell a story B. to describe a scene C. to observe the world D. to illustrate a truth
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References
Ballard, J. (2017, January 31). docuri. Retrieved May 2020, from google: docuri/download/04-c-creative-writing- exercises_59c1dc4af581710b2868898f_pdf
Budoy, D. (2008, july 15). Wordpress. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from burubudoy.wordpress: google/amp/s/burubu doy.wordpress/2008/07/15/pinoy-haiku-tanaga-dalit-at diona/amp/
Craven, Jackie. (2020, February 12). Lyric Poetry: Expressing Emotion Through Verse. Retrieved from https:// thoughtco/lyric-poem-definition-examples- 4580236 \
Garofalo, M. P. (2020, February 15). gardendigest. Retrieved May 2020, from gardendigest/concrete/concr21.htm
Holcombe, C. J. (2015). textetc. Retrieved May 2020, from google: textetc/modernist/experimental-poetry.html
Hood, D. (2013, March 17). WordPress. Retrieved May 2020, from davehood59.wordpress/2013/03/27/writing- free-verse-poetry-an-overview/
LiteraryDevices Editors. (2013). literarydevices. Retrieved May 2020, from google: literarydevices/free-verse/
Literary Devices. (2017, May 1). literarydevices. Retrieved June 2020, from google: literarydevices/anecdote
Rey, M. V. (2019, July 19). PhilNews. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from PhilNews: philnews
Voutiritsas, T. (2019, April 18). Retrieved May 11, 2020, from readpoetry: https;readpoetry/10-vivid-haikus-to-leave-you-breathless/
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CW Q1 Mod3 - Module
Course: Industrial Engineering (ERGO1)
University: University of the Assumption
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