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Article on Computer
Digital SignalProcessing (CSE-4203)
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A Brief Article on Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to perform arithmetic or logical operations in a predetermined order. Programs are generic collections of operations that modern computers can do. These programs allow computers to carry out a variety of tasks. A computer system is a "full" computer that includes the necessary hardware, operating system (primary software), and peripheral equipment for "full" functioning. This term can also refer to a connected and cooperating set of computers, such as a computer network or a computer cluster.
History
The abacus , which was constructed in Sumer between 2700 and 2300 BC, is the earliest known tool for computation. The Sumerians' abacus was a table with successive columns that defined the sexagesimal number system's various orders of magnitude. It was first used by drawing lines in the sand using pebbles. Abacus of a more modern design, such as the Chinese abacus, are still used as calculation instruments today.
The concept of a programmable computer was invented by Charles Babbage , an English mechanical engineer and polymath. He is known as the "Father of the Computer" since he invented the first mechanical computer in the early 1800s.
Charles Babbage is widely considered as one of the original computer pioneers. Babbage had a vision of mechanically computing numbers and tables inthe 1810s. To make this a reality, Babbage created a calculator that could compute numbers up to 8 decimal places. Following the success of this concept, Babbage set out to create a machine that could calculate numbers to 20 decimal places. Babbage devised a concept in the 1830s to create a machine that could execute arithmetical operations using punched cards. The machine would keep track of numbers in memory units and use sequential control. This signifies that one procedure would take place before the other, This indicates that one operation would be performed before the next in order for the system to generate a response and not fail. The “Analytical Engine,” as it was dubbed, was the first accurate portrayal of what we now know as a computer.
Ada Lovelace (Augusta Ada Byron) is considered as a mathematical prodigy and is hailed as the inventor of computer programming. While Babbage was working on his "Analytical Engine," the first mechanical computer, Lovelace began working as an
assistant to him. Ada Lovelace designed the first computer algorithm capable of computing Bernoulli numbers while working with Charles Babbage. Furthermore, Lovelace's collaboration with Babbage led in her forecast that future computers would be able to alter symbols, whether mathematical or not. Because the "Analytical Engine" was never created, she was never able to view the outcomes of her work. While she was never able to see the results of her work, as the “Analytical Engine” was not created in her lifetime, her efforts in later years, beginning in the 1840s, did not go unnoticed.
In 1702, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed logic in a formal, mathematical sense with his writings on the binary numeral system. The one and zero inhis system represent true and false values, as well as on and off states. However, it took more than a century for George Boole to publish his Boolean algebra in 1854, which included a complete framework for mathematically modeling computing operations.
The Atanasoff–Berry computer, the world's first electrical digital computer , was created on the Iowa State University campus from 1939 to 1942 by John V. Atanasoff , a physics and mathematics professor, and Clifford Berry, an engineering graduate student. Konrad Zuse invented the Z3, the world's first working program-controlled computer, in 1941. It was proven to be Turing-complete in principle in 1998. Zuse also created the S2, which is regarded as the first process control computer. In 1941, he started one of the first computer companies, manufacturing the Z4, the world's first commercial computer. He created the first high-leverage vehicle in 1946. In 1946, he designed the first high-level programming language, Plankalkül
The term artificial intelligence was credited by John McCarthy to explain the research that they were doing for a proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research. Artificial intelligence was given a name, and a new discipline of computer science was born as a result. On August 31, 1955, John McCarthy, Marvin L. Minsky,Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon proposed a research project. The officialproject, which began in 1956, comprised several key components that they believed would help them better grasp the nature of artificial intelligence.
Computers have two main parts: hardware and software
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the case, central processing unit (CPU), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.
RAM
Random-access memory Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory. RAM is a form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code
Data Storage A hard disk drive (HDD) is a traditional storage device that uses mechanical platters and a moving read/write head to access data. A solid state drive (SSD) is a newer, faster type of device that stores data on instantly-accessible memory chips.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card. GPUs can process many pieces of data simultaneously, making them useful for machine learning, video editing, and gaming applications.
A computer Monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or text form. A computer Mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detect A Keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a computer or any other electronic machinery two-dimensional motion relative to a surface.
Article on Computer
Course: Digital SignalProcessing (CSE-4203)
