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More About Systems of systems

A system of systems (SoS) is the collection of multiple, independent s...
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Software Engineering (CS391)

174 Documents
Students shared 174 documents in this course
Academic year: 2022/2023
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Fayoum University

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More About Systems of systems

In order to establish systems of software systems, independent software systems must first be integrated into one another. At the time this article was written, the majority of software SoS consisted of a relatively small number of individual software systems. Typically, each constituent system is a complicated system in its own right and stands on its own. On the other hand, it is anticipated that over the course of the next few years, the size of software SoS will almost certainly increase dramatically. This is because an increasing number of systems will be integrated in order to take use of the capabilities that they provide.

The following are some examples of systems of systems that are software systems:

  1. A cloud management system that is capable of managing both local private clouds as well as servers that are hosted on public clouds such as those provided by Amazon and Microsoft.

  2. An online banking system that processes loan applications and is connected to a credit reference system that is offered by credit reference bureaus in order to check the applicants' credit ratings

  3. An information management system for civil emergencies that is capable of integrating data from emergency services such as the police, the fire department, the ambulance service, and the coast guard regarding the resources that are available to deal with disasters such as flooding and major accidents.

  4. The online instructional platform known as iLearn, which was presented in Chapter 1 by yours truly.

This system offers a variety of learning support by combining a variety of distinct software systems such as Microsoft Office 365, simulation modelling tools, virtual learning environments such as Moodle, and material such as newspaper archives.

Maier (Maier 1998) recognised the following five key qualities that are present in systems of systems:

  1. The operational autonomy of individual elements The parts of the system are more than just components; they are also capable of functioning as independent, self-sufficient systems. The several systems that make up the SoS each evolve on their own.

  2. Managerial independence of elements Several organisations or divisions within a single bigger organisation "own" and are responsible for the management of specific components of the system.

As a result, the administration and development of are subject to a variety of regulations and policies.

these various systems This is the primary characteristic that sets a system of systems apart from a simple system, as I have alluded to previously.

  1. The course of evolutionary history The SoS does not emerge from a single development effort but rather develops over the course of time from its constituent systems.

  2. Emergence The emergent properties of a SoS don't manifest themselves until after the system has been established and analysed. Emergence is, of course, a feature of all systems, which is something I covered in Chapter 19, but it is of utmost significance in SoS.

software engineering are not scalable enough to deal with this level of complexity. As a result, issues with the extremely vast and complicated systems that we are currently in the process of constructing are unavoidable. We require an entirely fresh collection of concepts, methods, and technologies for the software systems that are a part of systems engineering.

Independently, a number of distinct authorities have come to the conclusion that this requirement must be met. A national research and training programme in large- scale complex IT systems was established in the United Kingdom as a direct result of a study that was issued in 2004 by the Royal Academy of Engineering (Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). (Sommerville et al. 2012). In 2006, the Software Engineering Institute in the United States published a report on Ultra-Large Scale Systems (Northrop et al. 2006). Stevens (Stevens 2010), a member of the community of systems engineering, highlights the challenges of developing "mega- systems" in the areas of transportation, health care, and military.

†

"Architecting Concepts for Systems-of-Systems," authored by M. W. Maier and published in 1998. Systems Engineering 1 (4): 267–284. doi:10/(SICI)1520- 6858 (1998) 1:4<267::AID-SYS3>3.0;2-D.

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More About Systems of systems

Course: Software Engineering (CS391)

174 Documents
Students shared 174 documents in this course

University: Fayoum University

Was this document helpful?
More About Systems of systems
In order to establish systems of software systems, independent software systems
must first be integrated into one another. At the time this article was written, the
majority of software SoS consisted of a relatively small number of individual
software systems. Typically, each constituent system is a complicated system in its
own right and stands on its own. On the other hand, it is anticipated that over the
course of the next few years, the size of software SoS will almost certainly increase
dramatically. This is because an increasing number of systems will be integrated in
order to take use of the capabilities that they provide.
The following are some examples of systems of systems that are software systems:
1. A cloud management system that is capable of managing both local private
clouds as well as servers that are hosted on public clouds such as those provided by
Amazon and Microsoft.
2. An online banking system that processes loan applications and is connected to a
credit reference system that is offered by credit reference bureaus in order to check
the applicants' credit ratings
3. An information management system for civil emergencies that is capable of
integrating data from emergency services such as the police, the fire department,
the ambulance service, and the coast guard regarding the resources that are
available to deal with disasters such as flooding and major accidents.
4. The online instructional platform known as iLearn, which was presented in
Chapter 1 by yours truly.

Students also viewed

Related documents