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EPP Lecture note 2078 final
Computer Engineering (CSE123)
Tribhuvan Vishwavidalaya
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EngineeringProfessional Practice(207 6 )
Full marks: 50; Assessment -10, Final exam - 40
Course of Study
History of Engineering Practices (3 Hours) Man & Society Technology & Society History of Engineering Practices in Eastern Society History of Engineering Practices in Western Society
Profession & Ethics (6 Hours) Profession Definition Characteristics of Profession Professional Institutions Relation of an Engineer with client/contractor & fellow Engineer Ethics, Code of ethics & Engineering Ethics Detailed Duties of an Engineer & Architect Liability & Negligence
Professional Practice in Nepal (3 Hours) Public Sector Practices Private Sector Practices General Job Description of Fresh Graduates in both Public & Private Sector
Contract Management (6 Hours) Methods of Work Execution/Contracting Types of Contract Tendering Procedures Contract Agreement
Regulatory Environment (5 Hours) Nepal Engineering Council (NEC) Act Labour Law Intellectual Property Right Building Codes & Bylaws Company Regulation
Contemporary Issues in Engineering (3 Hours) Globaliization& Cross Cultural Issues Public Private Partnership Safety,Risk &Cost Benefit Analysis Development & Environment Conflict & Dispute Management
Case Studies Based on Engineering Practices (3 Hours)
Chapter 1: History of engineering practices
1 Man & Society The term society is derived from the Latin word “socius” which means companion, associate, comrade or business partner. It indicates that man lives in company of other people. Man is a social animal. It is difficult to live without society. No infant could reach maturity without the care of other people. According to MacIver , family was the first form of the society. Society means collection of individuals united by certain relations or modes of behavior which make them off from others who do not enter into these relations. Aristotle said “Man is a social animal”. Man needs society for his living, working and enjoying life. Society refers to the group of people, but to the complex pattern of the norms of interaction that arise among them. For the health of society it is essential that there must be a like-minded and unlike minded people. Likeness brings recognition whereas unlike mindness helps in generating new ideas. Invisible likeness and active cooperation is the backbone of society. Man forms the society and develops standard and norms. The world system is a network of many nations and societies. A society is an organization of people who share a common territory, govern themselves, and cooperate to secure the survival of the group. Not all societies are nations; there may be several societies within a single nation. Nepal and India share the society of Hindus. Iraq and Iran share the society of Kurds. The presence of many societies within a single nation can become a source of serious conflicts and sometimes war. Although nations may contain several societies, not all these societies are necessarily equal in power or benefit equally from social, political, and economic arrangements. For example, The Kurds in Iraq were oppressed by a more powerful prevailing society under late Suddam Hussein. And although blacks in South Africa are now in political majority, for many years they were exploited and oppressed economically, socially, and politically by the dominant white society in that country.
Definition of society Society has been defined differently by different scholars. According to Giddings – “Society is the union itself, the sum of formal relations which associating individuals are bound together” J.F has defined society, as a group of individuals who have lived together long enough to become organized and consider themselves distinct from others. Most appropriate definition of the term society given by Maclver is that “The society is the system of usages and procedures, of authority and mutual aid, of many groupings and divisions of controls of human behaviors and liberties. It is the web of social relationship”. Society gives content, direction, and meaning to our lives, and we in turn, in countless ways, reshape the society that we live to the next generation. Sociology is the scientific, or academic, study of society and human behavior. Society (definition summary) : Group of People(collection of individuals) Sharing common territory /boundary of a country Sharing common rules/regulation (government) Sharing common culture/belief/value Considered as a stable institution A formal association of people with similar interests The state of being with someone
members to fulfill those expectations. Families may reinforce race, gender, and class inequalities in the way they transmit expectations regarding appropriate behaviors and goals.
The Religion: Religion manifestly motivates members to comply with their responsibilities and obligations by assigning meaning and purpose to such activities. Religion attempts to reinforce the family’s transmission of appropriate behaviors and goals to new members of society, and it parallels the family’s role as a mechanism of conflict resolution.
The Economy: In U. the institutions of the economy includes corporations, organized markets, the banking community, international trade associations, labor unions, and consumer organizations. The purpose of economic institutions is primarily to produce and distribute goods and services throughout society. They also discipline and motivate members of society to perform their role in the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Education: The manifest function of education is to transmit the skills that all young members of society need to become productive members of the economy as adults. Educational institutions can also be powerful mechanisms for social change. When skills taught by school include independent, critical, and creative thinking, they produce the potential for challenges to society to alter inequalities and discrimination.
The State: State protects society’s members from both external and internal threats. The state also establishes penal and codes to formally define standards of acceptable and unacceptable behaviors, responsibilities and obligations, and it specifies sanctions for violations of these standards. Finally, the state aid the economy by developing social welfare programs that distribute goods and services to individuals the economy can not support. By enhancing the ability of the poor to consume goods and services, state directly support the private producers and the economy. The state may reinforce other inequalities as well.
Social Institutions summary : Five Basic Institutions can be found in all known societies, which are enumerated below. Family Religion Economy Education State – Politics, Warfare, Art & Leisure Types of societies Thousands of societies have existed on this planet since time immemorial. But these societies have been classified into a limited member of basic types depending on the technologies they adopted exploit the natural environment. The existence of present day societies has a trend of socio-cultural evolution. Different societies have used different subsistence strategies while exploiting the food resources. Types of societies are as follows: 1. Tribal societies 4. Agricultural societies 2. Pastoral societies 5. Industrial societies 3. Horticultural societies Tribal societies A few thousand years ago, human being relied on hunting and gathering for their survival. This was the subsistence strategy of these societies. Even today one can find this handful of isolated people living in the Australian deserts and in the deep interiors of India. Their needs are simple and easily satisfied spending less time working for their food than the average inhabitants of any other type of society. The family is the only defined institution in these societies.
Tribal societies have common territory, a sense of unity, common language, blood relationship, endogamous (customs permitting a man to marry within the tribe), worship common god. A tribal is a primitive society which existed in the early period of human history. Each tribe knows the norms and standards of behavior and is watched that younger learn the proper way of behaving. Pastoral societies Some ten to twelve thousands years ago a few hunting and gathering tribal started domestication of herds of animals. This strategy of subsistence (existence) gave birth to pastoral societies. They usually believe in a god or gods who take an active interest in human affairs and look after the people who worship them. A few religions such as Judaism (the religion of the Jewish people), Christianity and Islam originated among pastoral people. Horticultural societies These societies specialize in the domestication of plants which they cultivate manually with hoes. Horticulture became necessarily alternative to pastoral people. Horticulture provided an assured supply of food and surplus that enabled some individuals wealthy and more powerful than others. Many horticultural societies are still in existence in Africa, Asia, South America and Australia. Agricultural societies The agricultural wealth of the society was unevenly distributed with a small majority of people enjoying the surplus produce by the working society. Political institutions were more elaborated. Power was concentrated in the hands of a single individual and heredity monarchy prevailed. The religions of agricultural societies often include a belief in a ‘family’ of gods. One of these is a high god regarded as more powerful god than other god. Trade is more elaborated in agricultural society. Money is used as medium of exchange. Agricultural societies tend to be at war constantly. These conditions create the need of military set up. The need for efficient communication and transportation was developed in these large societies. Industrial societies Application of scientific knowledge to the technology of production is the basis of industrial society. Industrial revolution gave birth to industrial societies. New technologies – such as steam engine, electrical power tend to bring about social change. This society produced bulk quantity to feed the majority. This society was found practicing a new system of production and distribution. Division of labor in factories and in management predominates in industrial society. Growth and development of trade unions is also an important characteristic of industrial society.
Types of societies - summary : Tribal Societies (From 2 million to Thousands years before) – lived as Hunters & gatherers / no permanent settlement /needed several hundred square miles of territory/ constantly on the move for new food supply/ used to take food directly from environment rather than maintaining gardens, fields or domesticated animals / family is the only defined institution Pastoral societies (Ten to Twelve thousands years before) -categorized by domestication of herds of animals/ typically found in mountainous region and in areas with insufficient rainfall to support horticultural & agricultural societies/ family & religion are major two institution which was appeared in this society/Slavery is more common in this society Horticultural societies (developed between 13000 to 7000 B.) – produce food by gardening (domestication of plants)/ cultivate manually/ this society was occurred due to large declination of animals/ the gardens were usually made by clearing(slash and burn) a forested area and planting the crops/ the people in this society used to move on to make new gardens as the forest reclaimed the
Input Output Technical change : Modification Alteration Innovation Technology and social change are intimately connected, particularly in the modern world, where rapid technological and social change tends to go hand in hand. Many people in modern societies seem to implicitly assume that technological development and human progress is much the same thing Impact & consequences of technology on society : Technological development (Media Player/Mobile) Economics & Technological development ( earlier – occasional & spontaneous exchange of goods & services) Values (Change in expectation & realities/ Mechanistic world view, Efficiency, Social progress) Ethics - According to Winston , four major ethical implications of technological development are (a)Challenges traditional ethical norms (b)Creates an aggregation of effects (c) Changes the distribution of justice (d)Provides great power Lifestyle – a) simplifications of life : rise of leisure class/ quick responses to events & trends /global networking/cheaper prices/specialization in jobs b) complications of life :Pollution /Congestion /New forms of danger /New forms of entertainment/increased probability of some diseases & disorders/social separation of singular human interaction Institutions and groups : (Rise of very large organizations e. government, the military other welfare institutions) International : Enables wider knowledge of international issues, values and cultures due to mass transportation & mass media/ World seems to be much smaller place due to globalization of ideas, embeddedness of value, population growth & control & others among other reasons ) Environment : Obvious (depletion of nonrenewable natural resources such as petroleum, coal, ores) & Subtle (global warming, deforestation, natural habitat destruction, loss of coastal wetland)/technological waste – no such mechanism exists for the removal Influence of technical change on society : Mass production of goods through machines Mass communication Faster means of transportation Faster pace of life Automation Availability of labour saving devices Commercialized recreation Emphasis on high degree of specialization Technological change & family system : Emergence of nuclear family Women’s involvement in male dominated area Change in standard of living New way of socialization of children Change in orthodox values Mechanical life style Formal type of relationships Change in existing social customs
Achieved from Information, Technique &Tools
Less family ties between family members
Technological change & Religion :
Analysis of religious doctrines & traditions Rigidity in caste system has been relaxed Men are free from religious ritual Religion has become secondary thing not a primary one Technological change &rural life : Migration towards urban areas Increase in consciousness of rural people Life become comfortable than before Change in life pattern Technological change & Urban Life : Shortage of land and houses Increase in slums Problem of transportation Increase in crimes Expensive life Money has become the most important thing Lack of security Theories of social change : 1) Socio-cultural evolution theory: Evolutionary process implies that societies would necessarily reach new and higher level of civilization. Socio-cultural evolution theory is based on the assumption that societies gradually develop from simple beginnings into ever more complex forms. This assumption rests on both anthropological and historical evidence. Evolution theory assumes that social change occurs for betterment. Many simple societies like tribal, pastoral, horticultural, and agricultural societies have grown steadily larger, and some of them have been transformed into the industrial and postindustrial societies of the modern world. Summary Developed from simple beginning into ever more complex forms (horticulturist /hunters) Assumption based on anthropological/historical evidence Influence of Charles Darwin’s organic evolution Evolutionary process implies that societies would necessarily reach new & high level of civilization 2) Functionalist theory: Talcott Parsons argued that a society consists of interdependent parts each of which helps to maintain the stability of the entire social system which has a tendency to seek equilibrium and balance. Parsons viewed that social change occurs when internal or external strains such as unemployment or war through the system out of balance. This imbalance provokes adjustments that help bring the system back into equilibrium once more built the new equilibrium establishing different social arrangements and cultural components than the previous one. Imbalances means system has to adjust to new equilibrium. In short, social change is simply a means of getting from one form of social stability to another. Movement of traditional societies from traditional to industrialization is an example of social change. Emile Durkheim laid the basis for functionalism. This theory has emphasized social order rather than social change. Summary
- A community is essentially the group of people sharing the common feeling and basic conditions of a common life.
- Group of people residing in a definite locality form a community. It occupies a territorial area.
- Feeling of community sentiments is another important characteristic of a community. It means a feeling of belonging together. In cities and towns feeling of sentiments lacks drastically. In village one can still find feeling of community sentiments.
- Unlike crowd, community is of permanent nature.
- Community is not created and made by an act of will but its emergence is quite natural.
- Likeness in language and customs is significant elements of community.
- Ends and objectives of community are wider and natural not artificial.
- A community has no legal status. It can neither sue nor to be sued.
- Every community has some specific and particular name.
Comparison betweencommunity and society 1. Population is very essential for the formation of a community.
Population is essential but more important is that the members should have feeling of oneness as well. 2. For community, some locality or area is essential.
Society needs no area and the people living in far off areas can form a society. 3. Its scope is narrow and localized. It is homogenous group.
It has wide scope and is thus of more heterogeneous character. 4. Community came after society and in a community there cannot be many communities.
Society came prior to community and its scope is wide, as it embraces many communities.
- Common objectives are loosely coordinated.
Common objectives are closely coordinated. 6. Members are supposed to obey the commands and thus they have less chances of personal development.
Chances of personal development are much more as compared with the community. Impacts of computer on society: Social Applications: Solve human/social problem such as Medical Diagnosis Computer assisted instruction Government program planning Environmental quality control Law enforcement Employment and productivity Increase in employment & productivity Reduction in specific type of job Competition Allows large organization to become more efficient or gain strategic competitive advantage Small firms are driven Individuality Reduce human relationship
Inflexible Quality of life Production of better quality of goods/services at low costs/effort/time Increase in leisure time Eliminated monotonous tasks Privacy Collect, store, integrate, interchange and retrieve - easy Lost privacy Computer crime Unauthorized use, access, modification and destruction of hardware /software /data Unauthorized release of information, copying of software Denying an end user access to his or her own hardware, software or data resources Using or conspiring to use computer resource to commit felony (major crime) Illegally obtain information or tangible property Establish control for the purpose of unauthorized experimentation with computer resources Computer viruses: It is a computer program that is potentially dangerous. They are not biological in nature but behave in similar manner. They are not created or spontaneously generated but are designed for a specific malignant purpose. Examples of computer crime: Money Theft: Bank fraud Computer viruses Service Theft Program and Data Theft Program Copying Data Alteration Program Damage Data Destruction Malicious Access Violation of Privacy Violations of Antitrust or International Law
Development and underdevelopment One of the most significant of all social changes is the transition from pre-industrial to an industrial type of society. Based on the socioeconomic development of the society, the societies of the world have been grouped into three categories as first world, second world, and the third world. First world: Countries such as North America, Western Europe, Australia, Japan, Singapore etc. are grouped as first world. These countries are industrialized, stable and developed. Second world: Countries such as Eastern Europe, Malasia etc. are grouped as second world. They are less industrialized and developed. Third world: Countries like Nepal, Bangaladesh etc. are grouped as third world. They are less industrialized and underdeveloped.
Characteristic of developing countries : Poverty/ unemployment/ under employment Limited access to education and healthcare
Chinese philosopher Chang Heng invented a Seismoscope (132 AD) Sassaid kings built a palace at Ctesiphon, capital of Tigris (400 AD) Persian building method with stone instead of wood was introduced in India (515 BC)
1 History of Engineering Practice in Western Society - summary American scientist Benjamin Franklin theorized that lightning is a form of electricity(1747 – 1752 AD) Simon Stevin discovered the triangle of forces in Netherland, which helped to calculate the actual load on the members of cranes, trusses and other structures (1548-1620) Engineering school appeared in France (1800 AD) The first research institute was founded in 1560 AD
Chapter 2: Profession &Ethics
2 Profession definition Systematic knowledge and skill acquired through specialized training or education Synonym to job or occupation Helps to provide specialized type of service for the needy person, organization, community
2 Charateristics/Features of Profession Systematic knowledge and skill A profession is based on the systematic knowledge and study. Based on such a acquired knowledge and skill a professional delivers the services to the needy people and society. A four years of comprehensive study and practical works requires to become an engineer. Authenticity & honor The professional possess special knowledge and skill. So, they are provided special rights and honor to carry out their professional work to the society. An engineer certifies the safety design of required components for the people. Professional provides specialized types of service to the people that they do not understand and hence the people offer honor to them Public property & Public evaluation Professionals are honored in the society and are also a subject of public evaluation. People are always watching each and every professional’s behavior and practice. Hence, a professional’s activity usually becomes a matter of public evaluation. People always discuss about the practicing doctors or engineers and their behavioral approach on the society. Bound by code of ethics Professionals are regulated by professional bodies through licensing, code of ethics and disciplinary procedures. Professionals are required to maintain high morale and high standard of behavior. They are not free to act as what they desire. Professional culture With reference to the different socialization process (consider during the study period),the nature of the profession itself and the code of ethics developed by the concerned professional society do have their own professional culture. Every professional do have some set of behavior that are similar to the
other person of the same profession.
Factors affecting morale of professionals: In societies, some of the professionals are found losing their professionalism due to following reasons. Inadequate Salary: If the salary and fee provided to a professional is far low to meet their reasonable
requirement, they may have difficulty in maintaining professional service to public so that s/he may try other way.
Defective social norms/values – labor honorin the society the dignity of labour is equivalent to nil : money has got a high value irrespective of the source, professionals are not able to show high moral standard Low morale of the self Non implementation of the rules and regulation Lack of political commitment
Professional Engineering
Act of designing, composing, evaluating, advising, reporting, supervising Safeguarding of life, health, property, public welfare Application of engineering principles but not practicing as a natural scientist
Language & Competence Nepal Engineering Council Nepal engineering council is an autonomous body formed under government act (NEC act 2054. It regulates engineering profession effectively and scientifically. It also undertakes licensing of engineering accordance with their qualification. Background It can be said that Nepal entered a modern phase in engineering after the political change in the sixties. Engineering activities began to contribute to the development of the country and the engineering profession started to gain respect in the society. The engineering community began to grow in number and was involved in all spheres of national development and engineers were allowed to compete in administrative service also for the post of secretary. Furthermore, the introduction of democracy in 1990 encouraged the growth of engineering colleges in Nepal abd the enrolment of students into these engineering colleges was rising very fast. Hence it was expected that nearly 3000 engineers would be graduating from local engineering colleges every year with nearly an equal amount graduating from colleges abroad. So, a need was felt for an organization to manage the engineering profession. Therefore, to make the engineering profession more effective, Nepal Engineering Council was formed under the Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 promulgated by Nepal Government on B. 2055/11/ (11th March, 1999 A.). As per the Act, NEC has been vested with the statutory authority for the planning, coordinated development and monitoring of engineering profession and education in the country. NEC Act 2055 gives an outline on the formation of the Council, its tenure and the roles and responsibilities of the Chairman, Vice Chairman and the Registrar. Nepal Engineering Council Rules, 2057 has also been prepared and approved by Nepal Government as per the provision of Clause 37 of the Act. It defines the registration of engineers into three categories as well as the formats for application: a) General Registered Engineer b) Professional Engineer c) non - Nepali Registered Engineer NEC Rules 2057 also lays down the professional code of conduct for engineers registered with the Council. The first Executive Council was formed on Magh 2056 under the chairmanship of Er**. Ram Babu** Sharma and completed its tenure on Magh 2060. The objective of Nepal Engineering Council is to make the engineering profession effective by mobilizing it in a more systematic and scientific and also to register the engineers as per their qualifications Nepal Engineering Council (NEC)- Summary : Autonomous body formed under NEC act 2055 (2055/11/27, March 11, 1999) To regulate engineering profession effectively & scientifically Undertakes registration of engineers in accordance to their academic qualification The first Executive Council was formed on Magh 2056 under the chairmanship of Er**. Ram Babu** Sharma and completed its tenure on Magh 2060. Duties & responsibilities of NEC: The objective of Nepal Engineering Council is to make the engineering profession effective by mobilizing it in a more systematic and scientific and also to register the engineers as per their qualifications. To prepare policies, plans and programs for the smooth functioning of the engineering profession and to execute them To set norms and standards for engineering education in Nepal To grant permission and approval to carry out engineering education to those engineering colleges and institutions that meet the required norms and standards and to honour their degrees and certificates
To monitor and inspect the quality of engineering education provided by the engineering colleges and institutions To fix the qualification necessary in order to practice engineering profession and to register their name in the Council To remove their name from the registration of the engineering council if found to violate the code of ethics Jurisdiction of Nepal Engineering Council: Registration of engineers Accreditation of certificates of academic qualifications Recognition of academic institutions Professional code of conduct Registration category: General Engineer (category – A) Professional engineer (category – B) Non- Nepali (Foreigner) registered engineer (category – C) Registration requirements of Nepal engineering council according to NEC act 2055:
- Application in an approved form
- Copies of the certificates of academic qualifications
- Registration fee
- Other relevant document Nepal Engineering Council - Professional Code of Conduct The professional code of conduct to be followed by the registered engineers of the council, subject to the provision of Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 (1998) and Nepal Engineering Council Regulation, 2057
(2000), has been published as the following: 1. Discipline and honesty : Engineering service/profession shall have to be conducted in disciplined manner with honesty, subject not to contrary to the professional dignity and well being 2. Politeness and secrecy: I n connection with the profession, polite dealing shall be made with the customers concerned with the engineering services, and professional information relating to the customers shall not be given to others except with the consent of customers, provided however, that it shall not be deemed to have been restricted to submit such information to the concerned authority as per the existing law. 3. Non-discrimination: No discrimination shall be made among customers on the grounds of religions, race, sex, caste or any other things in the course of applying professional knowledge and skills. 4. Shall have to do only the concerned professional work: Shall have to do professional works or submit recommendation or suggestions only within the area of subject of study or obtained knowledge or skills. With regard to the works not falling within the subject of one’s profession, recommendation of the works shall be made to an expert of the of the subject matter. 5. Not to do such works, which may cause harm to engineering profession: Except the salary, allowance, and facilities to be received for the services provided one shall not obtain improper financial benefit of any kind of conduct improper activities of any kind, which would cause harm to engineering profession. 6. Personal responsibility: One shall be personally responsible for all works performed by him in connection with the engineering profession. 7. State name, designation, registration no: While doing signature on the documents or description like design, map, specification, and estimate, etc, relating to engineering profession to be done, the name , designation, and registration no. should be stated clearly in understandable manner.
past decade, NEA broadened its activities by expanding its relation with international Engineering societies. NEA became member of World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) and was successful to establish Federation of Engineering Institute of South and Central Asia (FEISCA). During the past decade, NEA has been successful in construction of its own building at Pulchowk. The finished two floors have been rented out to Nepal Telecommunications Corporation. The NEA office at Jamal has been shifted to ground floor of NEA building at Pulchowk following demolition of the historic building housing NEA building during December 2001. The engineering community and well- wishers donated funds to complete the ground floor and basement of the existing NEA building. The basement has been hired out to Nepal Telecom. The ground floor is fully used by NEA. Rent revenue thus generated now goes directly in paying construction loans. The Jamal office has also been rented out. In the recent past, NEA has successfully promoted the enactment of Nepal Engineering Council Act. Today NEA has prepared a draft five-year strategy plan, which aims at upgrading current membership to internationally recognized standards. In this connection, a study on strengthening NEA is currently underway with support of Institution of Civil Engineers, UK and DFID.
The Nepal engineer's Association Preamble : Where, it is expedient to make timely amendments to the Statute prepared in the year 2024 B. (1967) under which the Nepal Engineers Association, established in the year 2025 B. (1968) with the objects to establish an Association to make the role of the engineer community of the professional interest and progress of the Community, has carried out its business, this third amendment having been adopted by the Extra-ordinary. General Assembly held on 051/01/31 (14 May 1994) is brought into force since 051/03/20 (4 July 1994).
Nepal Engineers’ Association (NEA)- Summary: General national body of Nepalese engineers of various disciplines established on 2024 B. ( A) An independent and non-profit organization of Nepalese engineers It regulates the practice of professional engineering in the national development It governs its member in accordance with the statute of the association and related law of the country in order to serve and protect the public interest. It safeguards the rights and strengthens the professional capacity of engineer. NEA is the member of World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) It was successful to establish Federation of Engineering Institute of South and Central Asia (FEISCA) Objectives of Nepal Engineer’s Association: To facilitate the proper development and mobilization of engineering science and technology in Nepal To promote mutual cooperation, interaction, and goodwill among Nepalese engineers and safeguards their interest and rights To ensure maximum participation of Nepalese engineers in the national development activities with and effort to stop the foreign dependency To enhance the highest professional ideas continuously among its member To establish linkages, cooperation and goodwill with international engineering institutions.
Major Activities of Association: Status and recognition Network and professional contact Motivation for membership Publications and advertisement (via print & electronic media/internet/website) Programs for continuing professional development
Workshop, seminars and conferences Policy intervention in engineering issues Participation Mutual recognition agreements with the engineering bodies overseas Disciplinary procedures to ensure members uphold ethical standard An effective and united voice for the welfare of engineering community Benefits of association membership: Professional Provide a focus for the profession maintaining professional standards and complying with international rules of professional conduct Offers worldwide recognized qualifications , support and advice required to achieve them Allocates fund for local activities Provide training facilities, training advises and training courses Provides & publishes wide range of engineering information, journals, newsletters, proceedings etc. Offers national program of conference, seminars, workshops, trainings, lectures. Offers arbitration and conciliation services Personal Participation/Technical visits/Have your views in major responses to draft policy Access to the international recognition, status and networking opportunities Chances to give views on professional issues to the politician, government, civil society Regular update with the occurrence happenings in the profession Maintain good contact with media an promote wider image with the public Benefit from excellent award/utilizing services and facilities of association Get benefits from the discount & other services from different sectors in the society Wider range of link, opens a new horizon for career advice & employment opportunities Initiate technical papers or articles about projects you are involved with Disciplinary action: To maintain high professional standards and deal with situations, in which the public’s safety/welfare may be endangered, a disciplinary actions process formed by association This process is not an alternative to the civil court. It deals solely with professional and ethical practice Anyone with concern about the conduct of member of the association is encouraged to contact the association Complaints are required to provide evidence and written summary of the allegations. Steps of action: First step – Gathering evidence of the complaint Second Step – Investigation of the complaint Third Step – Disciplinary hearing If a professional is found not doing wrong in his/her practice, the complaint is dismissed and no further action is taken. But, if proved professional’s misconduct or misbehavior, then he/she has to undergo following actions: Further clarification Suspended for specific period Cancelled completely Subject to fine Have to appear professional standards examination/obtain experience in particular field
EPP Lecture note 2078 final
Course: Computer Engineering (CSE123)
University: Tribhuvan Vishwavidalaya
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