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Manufacturing lab report 2
Mechanics of Metrials
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MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
A measuring instrument is a device for measuring a physical quantity. In the physical sciences, quality assurance, and engineering, measurement is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities of real-world objects and events. Established standard objects and events are used as units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and the referenced unit of measurement. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods which define the instrument's use, are the means by which these relations of numbers are obtained. Following are some of those measuring instruments:
Metric Scale (Ruler):
The standard unit for measurement of length in the metric system is the meter. In science class, most measurements are much smaller than a meter. A metric ruler is the standard instrument for measurement in the scientific laboratory. On a metric ruler, each individual line represents a millimeter (mm). The numbers on the ruler represent centimeters (cm). There are 10 millimeters for each centimeter. To read a metric ruler, each individual line represents .10 (1/10) of a centimeter, or 1 millimeter. Its least count is 0 cm
Measuring Tape:
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler and used to measure distance. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a common measuring tool.
Inside Caliper:
A caliper that has two legs with feet that turn outward; used to measure inside dimensions, as the diameter of a hole. Inside Caliper a measurement device for determining linear inside dimensions (of apertures, grooves, and so on) that may be mounted on the part being measured or inserted into it. Measurement is usually made by two spherical tips placed at an angle of 180°. Most inside calipers have provisions for setting (centering) the measurement line in the direction of the dimension that is being checked.
Outside Caliper:
Outside calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. The same observations and technique apply to this type of caliper, as for the above inside caliper. With some understanding of their limitations and usage, these instruments can provide a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. They are especially useful when measuring over very large distances; consider if the calipers are used to measure a large diameter pipe
Vernier Calipers:
The Vernier, dial, and digital calipers give a direct reading of the distance measured with high accuracy and precision. They are functionally identical, with different ways of
Stopwatch:
A stopwatch is a handheld timepiece designed to measure the amount of time that elapses between its activation and deactivation. A large digital version of a stopwatch designed for viewing at a distance, as in a sports stadium, is called a stop clock. In manual timing, the clock is started and stopped by a person pressing a button. In fully automatic time, both starting and stopping are triggered automatically, by sensors. Even though stopwatches are created to be more accurate, humans are still prone to make mistakes every time they use one. Normally, humans will take about 180–200 milliseconds to detect and respond to visual stimulus
Digital Multi-meter (DMM):
A digital multi-meter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values— principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is a standard diagnostic tool for technicians in the electrical/electronic industries. A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters uses a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings. Digital multimeters (DMM, DVOM) have a numeric display, and may also show a graphical bar representing the measured value. Digital multimeters are now
far more common due to their lower cost and greater precision, but analog multimeters are still preferable in some cases, for example when monitoring a rapidly varying value.
Manufacturing lab report 2
Course: Mechanics of Metrials
University: University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
