Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

A beaker filled with an equimolar liquid mixture of ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate evaporates at 0oC into still air at 101 kPa. All of the mass-transfer resistance is in the still air layer in the beaker. If each component evaporates independently determine the liquid composition when half the ethyl alcohol has evaporated. You can assume well-mixed liquid, ne negligible bulk flow effect, and Raoult’s law. The following data are available: Vapor pressure (kPa) at 0oC Diffusivity in air (m2/s) Ethyl acetate (AC) Ethyl alcohol (AL) 3.23 1.62 6.45×10-6 9.29×10-6

You are developing a digital multiplication module for a hands-on STEM education kit aimed at teaching students the basics of binary arithmetic. This module will enable students to explore how binary multiplication works using two 2-bit binary numbers, a1a0 and b1b0. The output will be a 4-bit binary product c3c2c1c0. To enhance the learning experience, the module will feature: • LED indicators to visually display the binary inputs and the resulting product. • Asimple user interface with buttons to input the two 2-bit numbers. Your task: • Design the combinational circuit that performs the multiplication using only AND gates and half-adders. • Ensure that the circuit outputs the correct 4-bit product for any combination of the two 2-bit inputs. Hint: You dont need a truth table, you may just use the block diagram of the Half-adder.

You are developing a digital multiplication module for a hands-on STEM education kit aimed at teaching students the basics of binary arithmetic. This module will enable students to explore how binary multiplication works using two 2-bit binary numbers, a1a0 and b1b0. The output will be a 4-bit binary product c3c2c1c0. To enhance the learning experience, the module will feature: • LED indicators to visually display the binary inputs and the resulting product. • Asimple user interface with buttons to input the two 2-bit numbers. Your task: • Design the combinational circuit that performs the multiplication using only AND gates and half-adders. • Ensure that the circuit outputs the correct 4-bit product for any combination of the two 2-bit inputs. Hint: You dont need a truth table, you may just use the block diagram of the Half-adder

Design a traffic monitoring system for a parking lot with three sensors (X, Y, and Z) tracking vehicle entry, exit, and available spaces. The system should activate a warning signal (output 1) when the number of available spaces is fewer than three, indicating the parking lot is nearing full capacity. If three or more spaces remain available, the warning signal should stay off (output 0). Neatly show the truth table, sketch the K-Map, and express the solution as sum of Minterms. Draw the logic circuit using conventional AND, OR, and NOT gates, as well as NAND only implementation